Cognitive, Cognitive Behavioral, and Reality Theory

structure, rather than the person talking freely about whatever comes to mind. At the beginning

Considering the theoretical orientation that was most appealing, there had to be some research done about the theory. One must looks at the techniques used, the goals of the therapy conducted while using this theory, the theorist, who this theory is focused toward, as well as a great deal of other things to ensure that this theory will be a good fit. Analyizing these things can further allow one to consider their theoretical orientation and actually practicing it all while still learning will help make a deterining decision as well.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a mixture of both Cognitive Therapy (CT), which deals with a person’s thoughts and Behavioral Therapy (BT), which concentrates on an individual’s overt or outside personality. According to Barbara P. Early and Melissa D. Grady, CT specializes in the mental process that can affect an individual’s feelings and behavior, while BT is focusing on the external environment that can cause the behaviors, such as a stimulus (Early & Grady, 2016). The use of the two therapies together allows the

Cognitive therapy is one of the few theories that have been extensively scientifically tested and found to be highly effective in over 300 clinical trials. It focuses on the immediate or automatic thoughts the client has and how these thoughts affect their feelings and behaviors. The goal of cognitive therapy is to identify these thoughts that are poorly affecting the client. Then teach the client how to identify these automatic thoughts and how they can effectively change them. Through the very structured sessions of cognitive therapy, a client should essentially learn the tools to be their own cognitive therapist for future problems they may encounter. The therapy session will not make them an expert but they will be better prepared to

I understand counselling to be a helping practice that differs from other helping activities, such as teaching for example. Counselling requires professional training and is specifically contracted or explicitly agreed. It has a theoretical base and uses specific methods within an ethical framework. The relationship between the counsellor and the client is built upon mutual expectation and is central to the process of the client under-going significant change in their lives.

I believe counseling is a collaborative partnership between client and counselor. Furthermore, this collaborative partnership is built from trust and acceptance of both client and counselor. I hope in conjunction with clients to understand the issues and concerns so to help them tap into their wisdom, creativity, and strengths to meet their current challenges. I believe in a comprehensive perspective through which clients can better comprehend themselves in the framework that our thinking about events can lead to emotional and behavioral upset. Moreover, counselors are to provide a safe environment for clients to explore their challenges and identify ways to move differently in overcoming these challenges.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy was developed by Aaron Beck (Hammen 141). It assumes that the patient's faulty thinking is causing the current depression and focuses on changing the depressed patient's thought patterns and perceptions. The therapist helps the patient identify negative or distorted thought patterns and the emotions and behavior that accompany them, and then retrains the depressed individual to recognize the thinking

Cognitive behavioral therapy guides the client to look at and reflect on the connections between thoughts and feelings, and how that effects behaviors. The goal is to help a client in recognizing their

Beck (1995) writes how cognitive therapy is based on the cognitive model. This is how an individual’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors play into their interpretation of events. The way people emotionally react and respond to a situation is based on how they interpret a situation rather than the situation itself. The initial reaction thoughts are called automatic thoughts. These thoughts stem from beliefs. They are situation specific and are considered

Counseling is the professional guidance in resolving personal conflicts and emotional problems. It is advice, opinion, or instruction given in direction the judgment or conduct of another. Knowing how to posses personal qualities such as maturity, empathy, warmth, understanding, and knowledge. From a legal stand point ethics, morality, and law must be strongly conformed. It is accurate decision-making, knowing appropriate words to use, and knowledge of the governing standards that is required. Also knowing accurate information about culture and ethnicity of the present society.

Counseling is a profession of which the goal is to help people who are experiencing issues. In retrospect these issues are impacting the client greatly, to a point that is hindering or obstructing daily functions or some aspect of their lives. As it stands, the therapist is tasked with adjusting or changing how a client views, approaches, and reacts to the situations and circumstances that are taking place in his/her life. The idea of counseling is derived from many different theories. Depending upon the nature of the problem the client is experiencing will determine, which theory is ultimately used to bring about a change in behavior. With that being said, it is relevant to point out that counselor does not fix and make a problem

Cognitive Theory claims that behavior can be changed through changing faulty thinking, irrational thoughts, automatic thoughts, or learned cognitive misconceptions. When a client has negative images of themselves or their accomplishments, it sets the pace for their behavior, perceptions and expectations; when that thinking is exposed as faulty to the client, the client can then begin to change their behavior based upon restructured, truer images of reality. It has been shown to be effective therapy for individual, group, marital and family treatment, in treating depression, addiction, anxiety, PTSD, personality disorders, and some organic conditions such as schizophrenia, and in many social work settings, such as child welfare, private practice, mental health, crisis intervention, and health care.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was created by Aaron Beck, a professor in psychiatry in the 1960’s (Beck, 2011). Initially, Beck sought out to prove the psychoanalytic idea that depression stemmed from anger towards oneself (Beck, 2011). However, during his research he found that misleading thoughts and beliefs were the reasoning behind depression. Beck theorized that one’s current feelings about something are derived from an initial encounter that gave meaning to that specific event. So, negative feelings about a particular occurrence can be a result of misinformation (Beck & Greenberg, 1984).

In this paper, we will discuss what Choice Theory is and how it relates and differs from Positive Psychology. Also in this paper, two articles will be reviewed. One about Choice Theory and the other about Positive Psychology. This will help get a better understanding about the background of these two theories. Choice Theory was developed by Dr. William Glasser. It is the theory that states, “We choose all of our actions and thoughts, based on the information we receive in our lives.” (Bradley, 2014) This means we are in charge of how we feel, no one can make us feel or act in a certain way. Reality Therapy goes hand in hand with this theory. Reality therapy is used by counselors in order to train a client to take control of their lives. Positive Psychology is “A branch of psychology that focuses on building positive qualities that lead to more fulfilling lives.” (Project Innovation Inc., 2013) This branch contrasts many others because it does not focus on treating mental disorders. It is simply just training the brain to think more positively. It focuses on building up four characteristics – grit, optimism, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Both Choice Theory and Positive Psychology help achieve long term goals and help people to be successful