3.11 Chemistry Lab

6-3: This process is used by cells to manufacture _biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products__

The main objective of this experiment is to differentiate between a physical change and a chemical change.

I will be doing this experiment to understand density of water compared to the volume of an object. D=m/v=mass/volume

4. Continue this process until data is obtained for at least six different temperatures. Be sure that the temperatures represent a large range of values in order to help you answer questions about the relationship between temperature and volume.

pH was recorded every time 1.00 mL of NaOH was added to beaker. When the amount of NaOH added to the beaker was about 5.00 mL away from the expected end point, NaOH was added very slowly. Approximately 0.20 mL of NaOH was added until the pH made a jump. The pH was recorded until it reached ~12. This was repeated two more times. The pKa of each trial are determined using the graphs made on excel.

Introduction: Chemical reactions are dependent upon two factors: temperature and concentrations of substance. We can monitor the rate at which a chemical decomposes or the rate at which a chemical substance appears. In this experiment we will be measuring the rate of decomposition of hydrogen dioxide with the following reaction:

3.6.1. BAP (Benzyl amino purine) stock solution (2mg/ml): 20mg of BAP being weighed and dissolved completely in 1N NaOH to a final total volume of 10 ml with autoclaved double distilled water to obtain a stock concentration of 2mg/ml was prepared and stored in clean autoclaved vials at -4°C.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe a variety of chemical reactions and to identify patterns in the conversion of reactants into products.

-The more dissolved oxygen in the water, the more fish is observed in that area of water.

Throughout high school and college science labs, I was intrigued to collaborate my conceptual knowledge into practical use. I am basically a puzzle person, I love to put pieces together and find the overall connection between the materials. Research is a puzzle, the pertain concepts are applied and is used to analyzed the retrieve data from the experiment .

Solutions are classified based on basic or acidic based on their hydrogen ion concentration that is relative to water (Acids, bases, pH, and buffers, n.d.). There are many differences between acid solutions and basic solutions at the molecular level. In short, the major difference between the two solutions is that an acidic solution has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, resulting in greater than that of pure water (Acids, bases, pH, and buffers, n.d.). In contrast, a basic solution has a low concentration, resulting in less than that of pure water (Acids, bases, pH, and buffers, n.d.).

A chemical reaction is the process in which atoms of the same or different elements form a new substance by rearranging themselves. The rate of reaction refers to the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds. The rate of almost every chemical reaction can be sped up or slowed down by adding another variable. Factors such as, temperature, concentration of reactants, surface area, agitation and catalysts affect the rate of a chemical reaction. Increasing the temperature of a chemical reaction will usually speed up the rate of that reaction by causing the molecules to move faster. The two effects of increasing temperature are greater collision intensity and more frequent collisions.

Chemical equilibrium is the study of change within a chemical reaction and how far it will go to reach a dynamic equilibrium (Burdge). Dynamic equilibrium is defined as the constant movement of species in a chemical reaction, gone to incompletion while the rates of production and consumption are equal (Kf = Kr ) (Burdge). It differs from static equilibrium in that species are constantly being consumed and produced, it is dynamic movement (Fox). The concentration of such species do not change, it remains constant (Fox). The rate at which species are being consumed and produced is known as the equilibrium constant (K) (Burdge). Due to the fact that the concentration

1. Christian, G.D. (2003). Analytical Chemistry, 6th edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 2. Harvey, D. (2000). Modern Analytical Chemistry. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co. 3. Kellner, R., Mermet, J.M., Otto, M.,Valcarel, M. and Widmer, H.M (Editors). (2004). Analytical

Investigation 4.2: Factors Affecting Viscosity Question How does changing the temperature (°C) of glycerin affect the viscosity s -1 of glycerin (l), when tested by dropping a marble from a constant height into the glycerin (l) and timed with a stopwatch until the marble hits the bottom? Design Independent Variable: The independent variable of this experiment is the temperature (°C) of the glycerin (l). Dependent Variable: The dependent variable of this experiment is the viscosity s -1 of the glycerin (l). Controlled Variable(s): The controlled variable(s) are: the liquid used, the marble used, the distance the marble is dropped, the volume (mL) of glycerin in the graduated cylinder. The liquid used is glycerin. The same marble is used