Week 6 Assignment
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American Public University *
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Course
400
Subject
Marketing
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
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7
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1
Review Questions: Answer the following questions in detail.
1. Explain the notions of mathematical differences, managerially important differences, and statistical significance. Can results be statistically significant and yet lack managerial importance. Explain your
answer.
2. Describe the steps in the procedure for testing hypotheses. Discuss the difference between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.
3. What purpose does a scatter diagram serve?
4. The following ANOVA summary data are the result of a regression with sales per year (dependent variable)as a function of promotion expenditures per year (independent variable) for a toy company.
F = MSA = 34,276
MSE 4,721
The degrees of freedom are 1 for the numerator and 19 for the denominator. Is the relationship statistically significant at " = .05? Comment on your answer.
Deliverable length 3-5 body page in APA format with the incorporation and citation of reference material
2
Hypothesis Testing and Data Analysis
Student Name
MKTG400: Marketing Research
Dr. Thomas Schaefer
November 12
th
, 2023
3
Hypothesis Testing and Data Analysis
Explain the notions of mathematical differences, managerially important differences, and statistical significance. Can results be statistically significant and yet lack managerial importance. Explain your answer.
Marketing research is an effective tool for decision makers and management teams to make the best possible decision. There are many problems day to day that should be solved effectively and efficiently, and each problem has many different solutions. Marketing research helps provide information to identify the best alternative solutions, thus implementing sound decision-making. Marketing decisions are very important to the business as they affect every step
of the business process – product design and creation, pricing, promotion, and distribution. Consumer buying behavior and the decision to purchase a product are what determines the success of a business, which means the marketing decisions are more difficult. In order to find the best alternative to choose from, research is conducted to determine the nature of the market and its characteristics. Statistics help understand the significance of marketplace characteristics by reducing the uncertainty of management decisions by identifying measured variables that are managerially significant and statistically significant from one other (Silver & Wrenn, 2013, pp.207). Using statistical analysis methods provides decision-makers with several methods to test theories and innovative ideas with alternative solutions. Statistical tests include sample size, variability and reliability of data, and confidence levels desired in the results. Mathematical differences occur when a number (constant value of a variable) is subtracted from another number representing the
same physical quantity. Measuring statistical significance in marketing can be an important tool.
Statistical significance is defined by Silver & Wrenn (2013, pp.207) as “when a difference (e.g.,
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Related Questions
1.) Use the following dummy variables to develop an estimated regression equation to account for seasonal effects only in the data. Qtr1 = 1 if Quarter 1, 0otherwise; Qtr2 = 1 if Quarter 2, 0 otherwise, Qtr3 = 1 if Quarter 3, 0otherwise. Based only on the seasonal effects in the data, compute estimates of quarterly sales for year 6.a. Report the estimate of sales for Year 6 Quarter 1. (Enter a whole value.)b. Report the estimate of sales for Year 6 Quarter 4. (Enter a whole value.)2.) Let Period t = 1 refer to the observation in quarter 1 of year 1; Period t = 2refer to the observation in quarter 2 or year 1; … and Period t = 20 refer to the observation in quarter 4 of year 5. Using the dummy variables defined in part (b) and Period (t), develop an estimated regression equation to account for seasonal effects and any linear trend in the time series. Based upon the seasonal effects in the data and linear trend, compute the estimates of quarterly sales for year 6.a. Report the estimate…
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YEAR
ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE ($000)
MEMBERSHIP SUBCRIPTIONS
2013
51
62
2014
58
68
2015
62
66
2016
65
66
2017
68
67
2018
76
72
2019
77
73
2020
78
72
2021
78
78
2022
84
73
2023
85
76
i) Plot the scattergraph for the data.
(ii) Use the data, to develop a regression equation relating advertising expenditure to membership.
(iii) Estimate the membership if $40 000 is spent on advertising.
(iv) How much must be spent on advertising to obtain a membership of 80 (000)?
(iv) What is the nature of the relationship between advertising expenditure and membership?
(v) Forecast 2024 membership using an alternative method, clearly explaining the limitations of your selected method.
(vi) What are the limitations of the method used in (i)?
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A study to determine the correlation between bankdeposits and consumer price indices in Birmingham, Alabama,revealed the following (which was based on n = 5 years of da ta):• LX = 15• Lx2 = 55• Lxy = 70• Ly = 20• L/ = 130a) What is the equation of the least-squares regression line?b) Find the coefficient of correlation. What does it imply to you?c) What is the standard error of the estimate?
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K 2.
Setting an advertising budget is a forecasting exercise. What are the fundamental principles that should be adhered to when undertaking forecasting?
Be conservative and use the best evidence-based technique available
Be innovative and use multiple methods and choose the optimal one
Be conservative and use multiple evidence-based techniques, taking the average result
Be innovative and use multiple evidence-based techniques, taking the average result
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Please help with correct answers: step by step: last time submitted- answers were incorrect
A statistical program is recommended.
The quarterly sales data (number of copies sold) for a college textbook over the past three years follow.
Quarter
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
1
1,690
1,800
1,850
2
940
900
1,100
3
2,625
2,900
2,930
4
2,500
2,360
2,615
a) Use a regression model with dummy variables as follows to develop an equation to account for seasonal effects in the data. (Round your numerical values to the nearest integer.)
Qrt1 = 1 if quarter 1, 0 otherwise; Qrt2 = 1 if quarter 2, 0 otherwise; Qrt3 = 1 if quarter 3, 0 otherwise
t =
b) Using the equation developed in part (b), compute the quarterly forecasts for year 4. (Round your answers to the nearest ten.)
quarter 1 forecast____?
quarter 2 forecast____?
quarter 3 forecast ____?
quarter 4 forecast ____?
c) Let t = 1 refer to the observation in Quarter 1 of Year 1; let
t = 2 refer to the observation in Quarter 2 of Year…
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3-
The research is an important practice to do the practical work. The starting point of any research project is defining research problem and formulating research hypothesis.
a.
True
b.
False
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Sales over the past 10 years are shown below. Using the method of least squares, calculate the values of a and b to complete this regression equation.
Year
Sales
1
1,640
2
1,850
3
1,240
4
1,250
5
1,980
6
1,400
7
1,060
8
1,430
9
1,050
10
1,990
(Indicate a negative answer using a "-" sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
What is your forecast for next year's sales? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
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which of the following are charactersitics of qualitative forecasting methods?
1. Function of past data,2. Non numerical data , 3. useful when past data is avaialable , based on
4. broad range of knowledge , personal judgement, and intuition?
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What are the disadvantages and advantages of Regression analysis technique?
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If a manager asked you whether to use time-seriesforecasting models or regression-based forecastingmodels, what would you tell him or her?
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How can startbucks company use multiple regression? Please provide an example and identify dependent and independent variables.
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Consider the following time series.
t
1
2
3
4
5
yt
6
11
9
14
15
(a)
Choose the correct time series plot.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
What type of pattern exists in the data?
(b)
Use simple linear regression analysis to find the parameters for the line that minimizes MSE for this time series.
If required, round your answers to two decimal places.
y-intercept, b0 =
Slope, b1 =
MSE =
(c)
What is the forecast for t = 6?
If required, round your answer to one decimal place.
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Because tests for the significance of coefficients in regression use two-tail hypothesis tests, which are less powerful than one-tail tests, it might be a good idea to
A.
This is a moot point because coefficient significance is not really important
B.
Whine and complain about it to your work colleagues
C.
Live with a less powerful test for significance
D.
Cut the p-value in half, or compare it to alpha times 2 to increase the test's power
E.
All of the above
F.
None of the above
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Create a line graph for this set of monthly sales numbers.
Run a regression analysis.
What is the regression equation?
Is the regression equation significant? How can you tell?
What is the Rsquare? What does this signify?
What is the sales forecast for month 13?
1
550
2
548
3
546
4
549
5
550
6
548
7
551
8
551
9
552
10
551
11
553
12
553
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44. A new car dealership is considering opening branches in three of the largest cities in the state. As
the expansion will require the hiring of new employees, the owners want to make sure that future
customer demand for cars will be stable.
Which factor in human capital planning would be important in this scenario?
A.Competitor forecasts
B.Interest rates forecasts
C.Economic forecasts
D.Production forecasts
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Calculate a regression line for the data and indicate the forecast of sales for a store with advertising spending of R240,000? and R300,000?
Store
Advertising
Sales
1
14
6
2
11
3
3
15
5
4
16
5
5
24
15
6
28
18
7
22
17
8
21
12
9
26
15
10
43
20
11
34
14
12
9
5
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18. When Creamy Layer Inc. planned to introduce a new ice cream flavor, its senior executives looked at the sales history of earlier introductions to forecast the sales for the newest flavor. This is an example of an analogy approach for new product forecasting. Select one: O True O False
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Which business research analysis assesses relationships between continuous data outputs and discrete data inputs?
1. Logistic Regression
2. Regression
3. ANOVA
4. Chi-Square Contingency Table
5. None of the above
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_______ 7. Which of the following describes the PEST Analysis?
A. A broad framework to help managers understand the environment inwhich their business operatesB. A checklist to ask how political, economic, strategic or technologicaldevelopments can influence an industry and a companyC. A checklist for forecasting political, economic, strategic or technologicalfactorsD. A framework for strategic analysis of internal and external environment
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5. it is a tool that allows managers to make educated estimates on revenue and cost of the business in order to cope with uncertainties of the future
a.estimating
b. guesing
c. forecasting
d. benchmarking
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Divvy Bikes 2021 summer ridership has increased 30% from the ridership levels in 2020. Divvy's management attributes this to 2020 having fewer work places and recreation venues were open than in 2021.
This is an example of which type of data analytics?
Question 6 options:
a)
Descriptive
b)
Diagnostic
c)
Predictive
d)
Prescriptive
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How efficient is an Regression analysis technique?
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What is the difference between linear and multiple regression?
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A manager has just received an evaluation from an analyst on two potential forecasting alternatives.The analyst is indifferent between the two alternatives, saying that they should be equally effective.Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Data 37 39 37 39 45 49 47 49 51 54Alt. 1 36 38 40 42 46 46 46 48 52 55Alt. 2 36 37 38 38 41 52 47 48 52 53a. What would cause the analyst to reach this conclusion?b. What information can you add to enhance the analysis?
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Identify the key differences between qualitative and quantitative forecasting methods. Which is better in your opinion andwhy?
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An electronic appliance manufacturer wants to know if there is a relationship between percentage change in deposable personal income which is reported quarterly by the government, and the percentage change in appliances sold by the manufacturer following same years of quarterly data. Brenda Chee and Clarence Paulus lead an analyst team has obtained data for the past 10 quarters. (Hint: Provides your answers in two decimal points)Table 1
Quarter
% change
in income
% Change in
appliance sold
Quarter
% change
in income
% Change in
appliance sold
1
-2.3
-2.5
6
-1.0
1.0
2
-1.5
-1.0
7
0.7
1.4
3
2.8
7.4
8
5.2
3.4
4
0.5
2.6
9
-2.5
-0.5
5
4.6
8.5
10
1.7
1.8
(a) Identify which is the dependent variable and independent variable in this case.
(b) Develop the forecasting model from this data.
(c) Identify the nature of the relationship between two variables based on the data that you have here.
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Related Questions
- 1.) Use the following dummy variables to develop an estimated regression equation to account for seasonal effects only in the data. Qtr1 = 1 if Quarter 1, 0otherwise; Qtr2 = 1 if Quarter 2, 0 otherwise, Qtr3 = 1 if Quarter 3, 0otherwise. Based only on the seasonal effects in the data, compute estimates of quarterly sales for year 6.a. Report the estimate of sales for Year 6 Quarter 1. (Enter a whole value.)b. Report the estimate of sales for Year 6 Quarter 4. (Enter a whole value.)2.) Let Period t = 1 refer to the observation in quarter 1 of year 1; Period t = 2refer to the observation in quarter 2 or year 1; … and Period t = 20 refer to the observation in quarter 4 of year 5. Using the dummy variables defined in part (b) and Period (t), develop an estimated regression equation to account for seasonal effects and any linear trend in the time series. Based upon the seasonal effects in the data and linear trend, compute the estimates of quarterly sales for year 6.a. Report the estimate…arrow_forwardYEAR ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE ($000) MEMBERSHIP SUBCRIPTIONS 2013 51 62 2014 58 68 2015 62 66 2016 65 66 2017 68 67 2018 76 72 2019 77 73 2020 78 72 2021 78 78 2022 84 73 2023 85 76 i) Plot the scattergraph for the data. (ii) Use the data, to develop a regression equation relating advertising expenditure to membership. (iii) Estimate the membership if $40 000 is spent on advertising. (iv) How much must be spent on advertising to obtain a membership of 80 (000)? (iv) What is the nature of the relationship between advertising expenditure and membership? (v) Forecast 2024 membership using an alternative method, clearly explaining the limitations of your selected method. (vi) What are the limitations of the method used in (i)?arrow_forwardA study to determine the correlation between bankdeposits and consumer price indices in Birmingham, Alabama,revealed the following (which was based on n = 5 years of da ta):• LX = 15• Lx2 = 55• Lxy = 70• Ly = 20• L/ = 130a) What is the equation of the least-squares regression line?b) Find the coefficient of correlation. What does it imply to you?c) What is the standard error of the estimate?arrow_forward
- K 2. Setting an advertising budget is a forecasting exercise. What are the fundamental principles that should be adhered to when undertaking forecasting? Be conservative and use the best evidence-based technique available Be innovative and use multiple methods and choose the optimal one Be conservative and use multiple evidence-based techniques, taking the average result Be innovative and use multiple evidence-based techniques, taking the average resultarrow_forwardPlease help with correct answers: step by step: last time submitted- answers were incorrect A statistical program is recommended. The quarterly sales data (number of copies sold) for a college textbook over the past three years follow. Quarter Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 1 1,690 1,800 1,850 2 940 900 1,100 3 2,625 2,900 2,930 4 2,500 2,360 2,615 a) Use a regression model with dummy variables as follows to develop an equation to account for seasonal effects in the data. (Round your numerical values to the nearest integer.) Qrt1 = 1 if quarter 1, 0 otherwise; Qrt2 = 1 if quarter 2, 0 otherwise; Qrt3 = 1 if quarter 3, 0 otherwise t = b) Using the equation developed in part (b), compute the quarterly forecasts for year 4. (Round your answers to the nearest ten.) quarter 1 forecast____? quarter 2 forecast____? quarter 3 forecast ____? quarter 4 forecast ____? c) Let t = 1 refer to the observation in Quarter 1 of Year 1; let t = 2 refer to the observation in Quarter 2 of Year…arrow_forward3- The research is an important practice to do the practical work. The starting point of any research project is defining research problem and formulating research hypothesis. a. True b. Falsearrow_forward
- Sales over the past 10 years are shown below. Using the method of least squares, calculate the values of a and b to complete this regression equation. Year Sales 1 1,640 2 1,850 3 1,240 4 1,250 5 1,980 6 1,400 7 1,060 8 1,430 9 1,050 10 1,990 (Indicate a negative answer using a "-" sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 3 decimal places.) What is your forecast for next year's sales? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places.)arrow_forwardwhich of the following are charactersitics of qualitative forecasting methods? 1. Function of past data,2. Non numerical data , 3. useful when past data is avaialable , based on 4. broad range of knowledge , personal judgement, and intuition?arrow_forwardWhat are the disadvantages and advantages of Regression analysis technique?arrow_forward
- If a manager asked you whether to use time-seriesforecasting models or regression-based forecastingmodels, what would you tell him or her?arrow_forwardHow can startbucks company use multiple regression? Please provide an example and identify dependent and independent variables.arrow_forwardConsider the following time series. t 1 2 3 4 5 yt 6 11 9 14 15 (a) Choose the correct time series plot. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) What type of pattern exists in the data? (b) Use simple linear regression analysis to find the parameters for the line that minimizes MSE for this time series. If required, round your answers to two decimal places. y-intercept, b0 = Slope, b1 = MSE = (c) What is the forecast for t = 6? If required, round your answer to one decimal place.arrow_forward
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Practical Management ScienceOperations ManagementISBN:9781337406659Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.Publisher:Cengage,
Practical Management Science
Operations Management
ISBN:9781337406659
Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.
Publisher:Cengage,