Trangdai__Huynh_HIS_200__Applied_History (2)

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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200-R4158

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History

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Feb 20, 2024

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Module 6 Short Responses – Question 1 Which source will you analyze using active reading strategies? Include the name of the article, the author, the publication, the date, and where you found it. Read your chosen source using the active reading strategies you learned on the previous page. Then, summarize the overall meaning and content of the reading. Write your summary below. Your summary should be at least one paragraph long. Article: Kent State shootings Author: Wikipedia contributors Publication: Wikipedia Date: Last edited October 4, 2023 Location: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_State_shootings The Kent State shootings were a tragic event that took place on May 4, 1970, during a protest against the expanding involvement of the Vietnam War into Cambodia by United States military forces. The Ohio National Guard opened fire on a crowd of unarmed students, killing four and wounding nine others, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis. The shootings were a watershed moment in the anti-war movement and led to a nationwide student strike that forced hundreds of colleges and universities to close. Module 6 Short Responses – Question 2 What events or historical forces contributed to the Boston busing crisis of the mid- 1970s? Name at least three, and briefly explain why you think each one was a contributory cause of the Boston busing crisis. The De facto segregation in Boston's public schools was a long-standing practice of racial separation in schools, driven by discriminatory housing patterns and neighborhood segregation, created a system where Black students were primarily concentrated in underfunded and under-resourced schools, while white students attended schools with better facilities and more qualified teachers. The Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954, was the day the Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, but it did not provide a clear roadmap for desegregation because it left the issue open to interpretation and debate, and in Boston, the city's school committee resisted efforts to integrate its schools. Failure of voluntary desegregation efforts in the early 1970s, the Boston School Committee attempted to desegregate the schools through voluntary busing programs, but these efforts were met with fierce resistance from white parents and community members because this led to a federal court order in 1974 requiring mandatory busing to achieve racial balance in the schools.

Module 6 Short Responses – Question 3 Name three specific consequences of the Boston busing crisis. Busing began to break down racial barriers and create a more diverse learning environment, fostering understanding and acceptance among students of all backgrounds. Busing provided Black students with access to quality education and the opportunity to achieve academic success. Busing sparked open dialogue about race and racism, forcing Bostonians to confront their prejudices and work towards a more just society. Module 6 Short Responses – Question 4 Describe one cause of the event you have chosen for your historical analysis (keeping in mind that there are many), and explain one piece of evidence from your research that you will use to support this assertion. Describe one consequence of the event, and explain one piece of evidence from your research that you will use to support this assertion. One of the primary causes of the Kent State shooting was the growing discontent among students and anti-war activists regarding the ongoing Vietnam War. The war, which had been escalating since the early 1960s, had become increasingly unpopular, and many students felt that the government was not doing enough to end the conflict. This frustration and anger were amplified by the presence of Ohio National Guardsmen on campus, who were tasked with maintaining order during a protest against the war. One piece of evidence that supports this assertion is the testimony of Sandy Scheuer, a Kent State student who was present at the shootings. In her oral history account, Scheuer describes the tense atmosphere on campus leading up to the shootings and the escalating conflict between students and Guardsmen. She recalls seeing students throwing rocks and bottles at the Guardsmen, and the Guardsmen responding with tear gas and warning shots. This escalation of tension ultimately culminated in the tragic events of May 4, 1970. A significant consequence of the Kent State shootings was the widespread public outcry and condemnation of the government's actions. The incident shocked the nation and sparked a renewed wave of anti-war protests. It also led to a number of investigations and reforms, including the establishment of the National Guard Bureau's Crowd Control Course, which was designed to train Guardsmen on how to manage protests more effectively. One piece of evidence that supports this assertion is the public response to a photograph taken by John Filo, a photographer for Life magazine. The photograph, which depicts a Guardsman aiming his rifle at students, became an iconic image of the Kent State shootings and helped to galvanize public opinion against the war. The photograph also served as a reminder of the dangers of government overreach and the importance of protecting civil liberties.

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