Respiratory Quiz and answers

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CUNY LaGuardia Community College *

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203

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract? A) larynx B) nose C) trachea D) pharynx 1) 2) What is part of the respiratory zone? A) alveoli B) nasal cavity C) trachea D) nose 2) 3) The respiratory system does NOT function in: A) odor detection. B) blood cell production. C) acid-base homeostasis. D) speech production. 3) 4) The process of respiration that moves air into and out of the lungs is: A) gas transport. B) pulmonary gas exchange. C) pulmonary ventilation. D) tissue gas exchange. 4) 5) Pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the: A) larynx. B) upper respiratory tract. C) conducting zone. D) respiratory zone. 5) 6) Through what openings of the nose does inhaled air enter the upper respiratory tract? A) posterior nares B) nasopharynx C) nasal cavity D) anterior nares 6) 7) What is the advantage of breathing through the nose rather than the mouth? A) The nose warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air. B) The nose is a less turbulent environment than the mouth. C) The nose provides a more direct route over which air will travel. D) The nose provides a site for initial gas exchange. 7) 8) What increases air turbulence to extract dust and other debris from air traveling through the nasal cavity? A) vestibule B) nasal conchae and meatuses C) posterior nares D) septal cartilage 8) 9) Which bone lacks a paranasal sinus? A) zygomatic B) ethmoid C) maxillary D) frontal 9) 10) The majority of the nasal cavity is lined with: A) transitional epithelium. B) simple squamous epithelium. C) simple cuboidal epithelium. D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 10) 11) What is the function of the goblet cells? A) detect odors B) produce speech C) maintain acid-base balance D) secrete mucus 11) 1

12) In what order does air inhaled through the nose travel, from superior to inferior? A) nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx B) laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx C) oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx D) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx 12) 13) The larynx lining transitions at the vocal cords from stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium to: A) simple squamous epithelium. B) transitional epithelium. C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. D) simple columnar epithelium. 13) 14) What flap of elastic cartilage keeps food and liquids from entering the larynx during swallowing? A) arytenoid cartilage B) corniculate cartilage C) epiglottis D) thyroid cartilage 14) 15) Upon removal of the larynx, a person would no longer be able to: A) swallow. B) produce sounds. C) cough. D) sneeze. 15) 16) The mucosa of the carina contains sensory receptors that trigger: A) sneezing. B) coughing. C) yawning. D) hiccups. 16) 17) Why are the rings of cartilage surrounding the trachea C-shaped? A) The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing, allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing, and keep the trachea patent (open). B) The C rings of cartilage allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing. C) The C rings of cartilage keep the trachea patent (open). D) The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing. 17) 18) Which organ's position causes the left lung to be shaped differently from the right lung? A) liver B) heart C) stomach D) esophagus 18) 19) What sweeps foreign debris from the lower respiratory passages? A) microvilli B) gap junctions C) flagella D) cilia 19) 20) Which of the following correctly describes the histological transition from bronchi into smaller branches in the bronchial tree? A) The amount of smooth muscle increases in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree. B) More hyaline cartilage is found in the smaller passageways of the bronchial tree. C) The rings of cartilage completely disappear during the transition from the trachea into the bronchial tree. D) The lining changes from respiratory epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium. 20) 21) Air entering the respiratory system travels from the respiratory bronchioles to the: A) terminal bronchioles. B) alveolar ducts. C) tertiary bronchi. D) alveolar sacs. 21) 2

22) Gas exchange occurs in all of the following EXCEPT: A) alveolar sacs. B) terminal bronchioles. C) respiratory bronchioles. D) alveolar ducts. 22) 23) What type of alveolar cell produces surfactant? A) type II alveolar cells B) alveolar macrophages C) dust cells D) type I alveolar cells 23) 24) What cells clean and digest debris entering the alveoli? A) alveolar macrophages B) type I alveolar cells C) type II alveolar cells D) goblet cells 24) 25) What does NOT contribute to the formation of the respiratory membrane? A) type II alveolar cells B) basal lamina of the type I alveolar cells C) capillary endothelial cells D) type I alveolar cells 25) 26) Which epithelium forms the alveoli? A) simple columnar epithelium B) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium C) simple squamous epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium 26) 27) The triangular depression in the medial surface of each lung, where blood vessels and the primary bronchi enter, is the: A) hilum. B) base. C) lobule. D) apex. 27) 28) Each secondary bronchus supplies air to a: A) hilum. B) bronchopulmonary segment. C) lobule of the lung. D) lobe of the lung. 28) 29) Each lung is situated within a subcavity of the thoracic cavity known as the: A) pericardial cavity. B) peritoneal cavity. C) pleural cavity. D) abdominopelvic cavity. 29) 30) What reduces friction around the lungs as they expand and contract? A) pleural fluid B) synovial fluid C) surfactant D) mucus 30) 31) What does Boyle's law state about pressure and volume at a constant temperature and a constant pressure? A) Pressure and volume will both decrease as temperature and pressure decrease. B) Pressure and volume will both increase together or both decrease together. C) Pressure increases when volume decreases. D) Pressure and volume will both increase as temperature and pressure increase. 31) 3

32) What part of the following description is INCORRECT? Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to increased volume in the thoracic cavity and the lungs. The increase in volume leads to an increase in intrapulmonary pressure causing air to move into the lungs. A) The contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to a decrease in volume, not an increase in volume. B) Increased volume and decreased pressure cause air to leave the lungs, rather than enter the lungs. C) The relaxation, not contraction, of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to inhalation. D) Increases in volume lead to a decrease in pressure, not an increase in pressure. 32) 33) What happens to the lungs if intrapleural pressure equals or increases above atmospheric pressure? A) collapse B) inhalation C) overinflation D) burst 33) 34) Predict what happens to air movement when atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg, intrapulmonary pressure is 758 mm Hg, and intrapleural pressure is 754 mm Hg. A) no air movement B) atelectasis C) exhalation D) inhalation 34) 35) Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is: A) less than atmospheric pressure. B) less than intrapleural pressure. C) greater than atmospheric pressure. D) equal to atmospheric pressure. 35) 36) Which of the following is a factor on which expiration depends? A) increase in lung volume B) decrease in intrapulmonary pressure C) contraction of expiratory muscles D) recoil of elastic tissue in the lungs 36) 37) What primarily determines airway resistance in the respiratory passageways? A) presence of surfactant B) diameter of the conducting zone passageways C) degree of alveolar surface tension D) elasticity of the lung tissues 37) 38) Which of the following reduces alveolar surface tension? A) gas B) surfactant C) mucus D) water 38) 39) Bronchodilation may occur in response to: A) the parasympathetic nervous system. B) inflammation. C) the sympathetic nervous system. D) increased mucus. 39) 40) Mr. Schmitzer has pulmonary fibrosis in which the elastic tissue of his lungs is replaced with dense irregular collagenous connective tissue. His condition primarily affects: A) surfactant production. B) pulmonary compliance. C) alveolar surface tension. D) airway resistance. 40) 41) Vital capacity = A) expiratory reserve volume + residual volume B) tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume C) inspiratory reserve volume + residual volume D) inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + residual volume 41) 4

42) What statement best describes tidal volume? A) Tidal volume is the air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration. B) Tidal volume is the air forcibly expelled after normal expiration. C) Tidal volume is the air exchanged during normal breathing. D) Tidal volume is the air exhaled after normal inspiration. 42) 43) The volume that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is the: A) dead space volume. B) functional residual capacity. C) residual volume. D) vital capacity. 43) 44) The amount of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal tidal expiration is known as the: A) inspiratory reserve volume. B) tidal volume. C) vital capacity. D) expiratory reserve volume. 44) 45) Which law states that each gas in a mixture exerts its own pressure? A) Dalton's law B) Henry's law C) Charles' law D) Boyle's law 45) 46) Carbon dioxide has a relatively high solubility in blood plasma although it has a very low partial pressure. What law describes this phenomenon? A) Boyle's law B) Charles' law C) Dalton's law D) Henry's law 46) 47) Which of the following determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? A) partial pressure gradient B) temperature C) molecular weight of the gas molecule D) gas solubility in water 47) 48) The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ) in the blood of pulmonary capillaries is approximately: A) 35 mm Hg. B) 70 mm Hg. C) 45 mm Hg. D) 50 mm Hg. 48) 49) The partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2 ) in a pulmonary capillary is about 40 mm Hg. Determine the partial pressure that will promote movement of oxygen into the pulmonary capillary from air in the alveolus. A) 18 mm Hg B) 40 mm Hg C) 104 mm Hg D) 35 mm Hg 49) 50) Each of the following factors affects the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange EXCEPT: A) diameter of an alveolus. B) surface area of the respiratory membrane. C) thickness of the respiratory membrane. D) partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ) in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries. 50) 51) What pulmonary gas exchange problems do you expect to see when surface area is lost due to emphysema? A) hypocapnia B) eupnea C) hyperventilation D) both hypercapnia and hypoxemia 51) 52) The coupling of blood flow with the amount of air reaching the alveoli is known as: A) Boyle's law. B) Henry's law. C) ventilation-perfusion matching. D) partial pressure. 52) 5

53) How is most oxygen transported in the blood? A) combined with hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin B) bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin C) as carbonic acid in the plasma D) as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma 53) 54) A fully saturated hemoglobin molecule transports: A) 4 molecules of oxygen. B) 8 molecules of oxygen. C) 1 molecule of oxygen. D) 2 molecules of oxygen. 54) 55) The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases with: A) increased body temperature. B) increased BPG (2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate). C) increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide. D) increased hydrogen ion concentration. 55) 56) What would increase the amount of oxygen unloaded by hemoglobin into peripheral tissues? A) decreased levels of P CO 2 B) decreased temperature C) decreased levels of BPG (2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate) D) decreased pH 56) 57) The majority of carbon dioxide is transported: A) dissolved in plasma. B) as carbonic acid. C) as the bicarbonate ion. D) as carbaminohemoglobin. 57) 58) Carbon dioxide and water combine to form: A) nitric acid. B) hydrochloric acid. C) carbonic acid. D) carbaminohemoglobin. 58) 59) What is NOT true of the effects of hypoventilation? A) partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ) in the blood increases B) carbonic acid concentration in the blood increases C) blood pH decreases D) hydrogen ion concentration in the blood decreases 59) 60) Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBCs? A) the chloride shift B) the Bohr effect C) Dalton's law D) ventilation-perfusion matching 60) 61) Respiratory acidosis results from: A) hypoventilation. B) hyperventilation. C) hypoxia. D) hypocapnia. 61) 62) Which of the following is NOT one of the four major processes of respiration? A) pulmonary ventilation B) pulmonary gas exchange C) gas transport D) oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve 62) 6

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