Kádár resigned as premier (he had begun a second term in 1961) but remained as first secretary of the Socialist Workers' Party. Though Gyulla Kállai became premier, Kádár remained the effective ruler of the country, following the Soviet lead in all matters of foreign policy and accepting the presence of Soviet troops on Hungarian territory but trying, in return, to lighten the repression characteristic of Communist rule. Cautious liberalization dominated Kádár's approach in the 1960s.
