| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
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| Ptolemy XIII |
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| d. 44 B.C., king of ancient Egypt (4744 B.C.), the last of the Macedonian dynasty, but for his sister, Cleopatra. He was a child when his brother Ptolemy XII drowned. Julius Caesar married him to Cleopatra in 47 B.C. and made him joint ruler with her; she later had him murdered. |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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