| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
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| Osman Nuri Pasha |
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( smän´ n r ´ päshä´) (KEY) , 1837–1900, Turkish general. He fought in the Crimean War of 1854–56 and in Lebanon, Crete, and Arabia in the 1860s and 70s. He was made mu ir [marshal] for his successes (1876) in Serbia. In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 he gallantly defended Pleven in Bulgaria but was ultimately forced to surrender to the Russians. He served almost continuously as war minister from 1878 to 1885. |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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