The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07.
Monroe, Marilyn
1926–62, American movie actress, b. Los Angeles as Norma Jean Baker. Raised in orphanages and first married at 14, Monroe became a world-famous sex symbol and, after her death, a Hollywood legend. She was noted for her distinctively breathy singing style and seductive film roles. At first patronized by critics, she studied acting and won more challenging roles. Her death from a barbituate overdose at age 36, a possible suicide, only increased her mystique. Her films include Niagara (1952), The Seven-Year Itch (1955), Bus Stop (1956), Some Like It Hot (1959), and The Misfits (1960). Monroe’s second husband was Joe DiMaggio and her third was Arthur Miller.
See the controversial study by Norman Mailer (1973) and the play After the Fall (1963) by Arthur Miller; biographies by G. McCann (1988), M. Zolotow (rev. ed. 1990), C. E. Rollyson (1993), D. Spoto (1993), and B. Leaming (1998); study by S. Churchwell (2005).
