| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
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| Grouchy, Emmanuel, marquis de |
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( mänül´ märk ´ d gr sh´) (KEY) , 1766–1847, French general in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. He was made a marshal after Napoleon’s return from Elba during the Hundred Days. His questionable tactical decisions—his failure to prevent the Prussians from joining the English—are often thought to be largely responsible for Napoleon’s defeat in the Waterloo campaign. |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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