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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition.  2001-07.
 
figure
 
 
in music, short melodic or rhythmic pattern, the smallest grouping of notes that will produce a single distinct impression. In this sense figure is synonymous with motive. In music before the 18th cent., a figure had an additional meaning of symbolic significance; it was an illustration in sound of textual details, e.g., a descending group of notes for any word expressing descent. As such, it was part of musical rhetoric.
 
 
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press.

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