| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05. |
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| History, Turkey |
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| Abd al-Aziz |
| Abd al-Hamid I |
| Abd al-Hamid II |
| Abd al-Majid |
| Ahmed I |
| Ahmed II |
| Ahmed III |
| Ali Pasha |
| Atatürk, Kemal |
| Bayar, Celâl |
| Beyazid I |
| Beyazid II |
| Beyazid |
| Demirel, Süleyman |
| Ecevit, Bülent |
| Enver Pasha |
| Gürsel, Cemal |
| Inönü, Ismet |
| Mahmud I |
| Mahmud II |
| Menderes, Adnan |
| Midhat Pasha |
| Muhammad I, Ottoman sultan |
| Muhammad II, Ottoman sultan |
| Muhammad III, Ottoman sultan |
| Muhammad IV, Ottoman sultan |
| Muhammad V, Ottoman sultan |
| Muhammad VI, Ottoman sultan |
| Murad I |
| Murad II |
| Murad III |
| Murad IV |
| Murad V |
| Mustafa I |
| Mustafa II |
| Mustafa III |
| Mustafa IV |
| Mustafa |
| Orkhan |
| Osman Nuri Pasha |
| Roxelana |
Saraco lu, Sükrü |
| Selim I |
| Selim II |
| Selim III |
| Sulayman I |
| Sulayman II |
| Sunay, Cevdet |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2002 Columbia University Press |
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