The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
Appendix I
Indo-European Roots
ENTRY:
deru-
DEFINITION:
Also dreu-. To be firm, solid, steadfast; hence specialized senses “wood,” “tree,” and derivatives referring to objects made of wood. Derivatives include tree, trust, betroth, endure, and druid. 1. Suffixed variant form *drew-o-.a.tree, from Old English trow, tree, from Germanic *trewam;b.truce, from Old English trow, pledge, from Germanic *treuw.2. Variant form dreu-.a.true, from Old English trowe, firm, true; b.trow, from Old English trowian,trwian, to trust; c.trig1, from Old Norse tryggr, firm, true; d.troth, truth; betroth, from Old English trowth, faith, loyalty, truth, from Germanic abstract noun *treuwith;e.trust, from Old Norse traust, confidence, firmness, from Germanic abstract noun *traustam;f.tryst, from Old French triste, waiting place (< “place where one waits trustingly”), probably from a source akin to Old Norse denominative treysta, to trust, make firm. a–f all from Germanic *treuwaz.3. Variant form *drou-.tray, from Old English trg,trg, wooden board, from Germanic *traujam.4. Suffixed zero-grade form *dru-ko-.a.trough, from Old English trog, wooden vessel, tray; b.trug, from Old Norse trog, trough. Both a and b from Germanic *trugaz.5. Suffixed zero-grade form *dru-mo-.a.trim, from Old English trum, firm, strong; b.shelter, from Old English truma, troop. Both a and b from Germanic *trum-.6. Variant form *derw-.tar1, from Old English te(o)ru, resin, pitch (obtained from the pine tree), from Germanic *terw-.7. Suffixed variant form *dr-ro-.dour, duramen, duress, durum; dura mater, endure, indurate, obdurate, from Latin drus, hard (many of whose English derivatives represent a semantic cross with Latin drre, to last long; see deu-). 8. Lengthened zero-grade form *dr-.drupe, dryad; dryopithecine, germander, hamadryad, from Greek drs, oak. 9. Reduplicated form *der-drew-, dissimilated with suffix in *der-drew-on. dendro-, dendron; philodendron, rhododendron, from Greek dendron, tree. 10.druid, from Latin druides, druids, probably from Celtic compound *dru-wid-, “strong seer” (*wid-, seeing; see weid-), the Celtic priestly caste. 11. O-grade form *doru-.deodar, from Sanskrit dru, wood, timber. (Pokorny deru- 214.)
ow, tree, from Germanic *trewam; b. truce, from Old English tr
. 2. Variant form dreu-. a. true, from Old English tr
wian, to trust; c. trig1, from Old Norse tryggr, firm, true; d. troth, truth; betroth, from Old English tr
g, wooden board, from Germanic *traujam. 4. Suffixed zero-grade form *dru-ko-. a. trough, from Old English trog, wooden vessel, tray; b. trug, from Old Norse trog, trough. Both a and b from Germanic *trugaz. 5. Suffixed zero-grade form *dru-mo-. a. trim, from Old English trum, firm, strong; b. shelter, from Old English truma, troop. Both a and b from Germanic *trum-. 6. Variant form *derw-. tar1, from Old English te(o)ru, resin, pitch (obtained from the pine tree), from Germanic *terw-. 7. Suffixed variant form *dr
re, to last long; see deu
-). 8. Lengthened zero-grade form *dr
