| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
Appendix I Indo-European Roots |
| ENTRY: | bhreu- |
| DEFINITION: | Also bhreu -, bhreu-. To boil, bubble, effervesce, burn; with derivatives referring to cooking and brewing. Oldest form *bhreu1-.Derivatives include brew, bread, broth, brood, breed, ferment, and fervent. I. 1. brew, from Old English br  owan, to brew, from Germanic *breuwan, to brew. 2. bread, from Old English brad, piece of food, bread, from Germanic *braudam, (cooked) food, (leavened) bread. 3a. blaff, broth, from Old English broth, broth; b. brewis, broil2; embroil, imbroglio, from Vulgar Latin *brodum, broth. Both a and b from Germanic *brudam, broth.II. Variant form *bhr - (from *bhre-). 1a. brood, from Old English br d, offspring, brood; b. breed, from Old English brdan, to beget or cherish offspring, breed, from Germanic denominative *brdjan, to rear young. Both a and b from Germanic derivative *brd-, “a warming,” hatching, rearing of young. 2a. bratwurst, sauerbraten, from Old High German br t, brto, roast meat; b. brawn, from Old French braon, meat. Both a and b from Germanic derivative *brd-n-, roast flesh. Both 1 and 2 from Germanic *brdan, to warm.III. Variant form *bhres-. a. braise, braze2, brazier2, breeze2, bresaola, from Old French brese, burning coal, ember; b. braciola, from Italian dialectal bras’a, burning coal. Both a and b from Germanic *bres-. IV. Reduced form *bher-, especially in derivatives referring to fermentation. 1a. Suffixed form *bher-men-, yeast. barm, barmy, from Old English beorma, yeast, from Germanic *berm n-; b. further suffixed form *bhermen-to-. ferment, from Latin fermentum, yeast. 2. Extended form *bherw-. fervent, fervid, fervor; defervescence, effervesce, from Latin fervre, to be boiling or fermenting. V. As a very archaic word for a spring. 1. Suffixed zero-grade form *bhru-n(e)n-. bourn1, burn2, from Old English burn, burna, spring, stream, from Germanic *brunn n-. 2. Suffixed form *bhrw- . phreatic, from Greek phrear, spring. (Pokorny bh(e)reu- 143, 2. bher- 132.) |
| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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