Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 43, Problem 3TYK
In a neuron, what creates the
a. Na+/K+-ATPase
b. voltage-gated K+ channels
c. voltage-gated Na+ channels
d. ligand-gated Na+/K+ channels
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Assume a neuron's membrane potential is -60 mV, what's the net consequence on the membrane potential of a 5 picoamp (pA) sodium current that occurs simultaneously with a 5 pA chloride current?
a. There's a 5 pA hyperpolarizing current
b. There's a 10 pA depolarizing current
c. There's a 10 pA hyperpolarizing current
d. There's a 5 pA depolarizing current
e. There's no change in the membrane potential
which of the following statements is false with regard to cell electrical impulses?
a. an impulse begins when chloride ions are allowed to rush inside the cell
b. depolarization is when the relative charges across the membrane have switched due to ions crossing the membrane
c. repolarization refers only to the relative charges across the membrane being restored, even when the ion balance is not returned to normal yet
d. ionic balance is brought back to resting potential by the sodium-potassium pumps
This graph shows the relative voltage of a neuron's cytoplasm near the plasma membrane relative to the zone outside the membrane. A similar graph could be drawn for a skeletal muscle cell.
Which statement about this graph is NOT RIGHT?
A. During "A" there are more K+ inside the cell than outside the cell
B. Between D and E the sodium potassium pump is getting ions to their original positions
C. During "C" Chloride ions (Cl-) are rushing inside the cell
D. During "B" Na+ are rushing inside the cell
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 43 - In a neuron, what creates the electrochemical...Ch. 43 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 43 - Explain the difference between a ligand-gated K+...Ch. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 43 - Alzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 43 - Prob. 12PIAT
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- During an action potential, the inside of the cell membrane becomes more positive than the outside. Why does this happen? a. During depolarization, the sodium ions rush in and the potassium ions have not begun rushing out, making the inside more positive. b. During depolarization, the sodium ions rush in and the potassium ions have not begun rushing out, making the outside more positive. c. During depolarization, the potassium ions rush in and the sodium ions have begun rushing out, making the inside more positive. d. During depolarization, the sodium ions rush in and the potassium ions have begun rushing out, making the outside more positive.arrow_forwardVoltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what state? a. resting potential b. threshold c. repolarization d. overshootarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements does NOT correctly describe the repolarization of a neuron? a. The potassium channels are slower to open, allowing the potassium ions to leave after depolarization. b. The potassium ions leave the cell, thereby returning the neuron to its resting potential. c. The neuron becomes more polarized and more negatively charged than its original resting membrane potential. d. The sodium and potassium channels open, allowing the positive ions to move out of the cell.arrow_forward
- The diagram below indicates different ion concentrations from the inside to the outside of a neuron while the neuron is at rest. A. Use the different colour to indicate the sodium ions, potassium ions, sodium ion channels, and potassium ion channels. B. Also indicate the charge inside and outside the neuron. Your answer NUNUNU extracellular fluid cytoplasmarrow_forwardThe presence of an electrical gradient is responsible for both the resting membrane potential and the action potential in the neuron.a. In this case who is responsible for maintaining the electric gradient to produce a potential for the resting membrane?b. Explain what is meant by an electrical gradient in the context of a cell (neuron)!arrow_forwardIndicate the specific events that are occurring at 1,2,3 and 4. B. At which area of the graph are sodium ions rapidly entering the neuron. C. At which area of the graph are potassium ions rapidly leaving the neuron? D. At which area of the graph is the sodium ion concentration higher outside than inside the neuron? Explain how a membrane that is said to be "resting" can continually use energy to transport ions. Your answer Action Potential Membrane potential (mV) +20+ 0- 20- -40- 60- -80 0 M 1 2 Time (milliseconds) 31arrow_forward
- At rest, a neuron has a lower concentration of sodium than the surrounding fluid. The neuron also has a higher concentration of potassium inside the cell. The sodium-potassium ion pump is used to maintain the neuron in the resting state. Which of the following statements is true? A. Remaining at rest requires the use of ATP. B. Remaining at rest requires an input of sodium. C. Remaining at rest requires the activation of cotransporters. D Remaining at rest requires decreased permeability of the membrane.arrow_forwardHyperkalemia was discussed at length in this module. If a cell is experiencing hyperkalemia, what could you do to get the action potential duration looking more like normal? a. Add more extracellular sodium b.Add more intracellular sodium c.Add more intracellular potassium d.Add more extracellular potassiumarrow_forwardIndicate the specific events that are occurring at 1,2,3 and 4. B. At which area of the graph are sodium ions rapidly entering the neuron. C. At which area of the graph are potassium ions rapidly leaving the neuron? D. At which area of the graph is the sodium ion concentration higher outside than inside the neuron? Explain how a membrane that is said to be "resting" can continually use energy to transport ions. Action Potential Membrane potential (mV) +20+ 0- 20- -40- -60- -80 0 1 m 6 Time (milliseconds)arrow_forward
- Depolarization and repolarization changes that occur during the action potential are produced by a. Negative feedback loops b. Channel mediated transport c. Simple diffusion of ions down their concentration gradient d. Active transport pumps along the neuron membranearrow_forwardA channel opens on a postsynaptic membrane that causes a negative ion to leave the cell. What type of graded potential is this? a. depolarizing b. repolarizing c. hyperpolarizing d. non-polarizingarrow_forwardThe axon hillock of a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation and the membrane potential becomes completely reversed. Then, suddenly, the membrane potential begins to return to resting membrane potential. What is the event that triggers this return to resting potential? A. Na+ channels close in a voltage-dependent manner B. Na+ channels close in a time-dependent manner C. Na+ channels close in a chemically-dependent manner D. Na+ channels open in a voltage-dependent mannerarrow_forward
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