R can be used to find the probability of obtaining a given F value or one more extreme (calculates the area under the curve to the left of the value). The function requires the F* test statistic, the degrees of freedom for the numerator and the degrees of freedom for the denominator (entered in that order). For our example, we will use F* = 2.39, dfbetween = 5 and dfwithin = 78. Then the p-value is: 1-pf (2.39, df1=5, df2=78) Enter this code into RStudio to confirm you obtain the value 0.04525. You conduct a one-way ANOVA with 5 groups and 9 subjects in each group (a balanced design) and obtain F* = 2.96. Use R to find the requested values, rounded to 4 decimal places. dfbetween = dfwithin P = =

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