How many net ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of a single molecule of lauric acid after it enters into a muscle cell?
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The most common fatty acid that exists in coconut oil is a fatty acid called lauric acid. This is a 12 carbon saturated (12:0) fatty acid. How many net ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of a single molecule of lauric acid after it enters into a muscle cell? Show steps please
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- How many ATP are produced by a single 10 carbon-long fatty acid? Consider: where beta-hydrolysis occurs & how many NADH & FADH2 are made Assume: each NADH produces 2.5 ATP, each FADH2 produces 1.5 ATP Show your workStearic acid is an 18-carbon fatty acid. If a single molecular of stearic acid is within the cytosol of the cells: Describe the process by which stearic acid would be metabolised, beginning the molecule in the cytosol of the cell, ending with the creation of ATP, and assuming the cell has sufficient oxygen for all reactions to take place Showing all working, calculate how many ATP molecules could be generated from a single molecule of stearic acid in the cytosol of the cellShow your calculations for determining the number of ATPs that would be generated from the aerobic oxidation of the following triglyceride: H₂C H₂C -CH3
- During a 20-minute workout, a person burns 350 calories. What is the number of grams of glucose undergoing glycolysis in muscle cells with ample supply of oxygen? NADH in muscle cells is transported via the glycerol phosphate shuttle (which byhpasses Complexes I and II of the ETC). The human ATP synthase has 8 c subunits. Take note: Molar mass of glucose is 180 g/mol 1 calorie = 4.184 J phosphorylation potential in muscle cells is ~55 kJ/molTriglycerides can be broken down by hydrolysis reactions to glycerol and fatty acid chains in the digestive tract. Glycerol is easily converted to 1 phosphoglyceraldehyde also known as PGAL. Using your knowledge about how aerobic cellular respiration functions, explain how from this original glycerol molecule how many ATP’s are formed in this process. Make sure you include explanations where each ATP is made.a Imagine that creatine phosphate, rather than ATP, is the universal energy carrier molecule in the human body. Assume that the cellular concentrations of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate are 21.6 mM, 2.16x10-3 mm, and 3.80 mM, respectively. Calculate the weight of creatine phosphate that would need to be consumed each day by a typical adult human if creatine phosphate could not be recycled. (Estimate the free energy of hydrolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions to determine how many moles required. Use the standard free energy AG = -43.3 kJ/mol, and take the temperature to be 37 °C.) AG= kJ/mol Weight of creatine phosphate consumed = 9
- Calculate the net ATP production with the total number of NADH and FADH2 produced in the following complete oxidative metabolism of: 1. 17-carbon fatty acids 2. oleic acid Please show your overall solutions and mechanics in calculating ATP.The concentration of glucose in your circulatory system is maintained near 5.0 mM by the actions of the pancreatic hormones glucagon and insulin. Glucose is imported into cells by protein transporters that are highly specific for binding glucose. Inside the liver cells the imported glucose is rapidly phosphorylated to give glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P). This is an ATP-dependent process that consumes 1 mol ATP per mol of glucose. Given the steady-state intracellular concentrations below, calculate the theoretical maximum concentration of G-6-P inside a liver cell at 37 °C, pH = 7.2 when the glucose concentration outside the cell (i.e., [glucoseloutside) is 5.0 mM: ATP = 4.7 mM; ADP = 0.15 mM; P, = 6.1 mM For: ATP + H,O ADP + P + H* AG" = -30.5 kJ/mol and G-6-P + H,0 -→ Glucose + P AG" = -13.8 kJ/mol The glucose phosphorylation reaction is ATP + glucosenside » ADP + glucose-6-phosphate + H+When a vertebrate dies, its muscles stiffen as they are deprived of ATP, a state called rigor mortis. Using your knowledge of the catalytic cycle ofmyosin in muscle contraction, explain the molecular basis of the rigor state.
- Explain from a chemical stand point why ATP has a high phosphoryl-transfer potential. Make sure to compare ATP with its hydrolysis products, ADP and inorganic phosphate.Calculate the ATP yield for the full catabolism of a phospholipid containing ethanolamine, C18:3 Δ9, 12, 15 and oleic acid. Include any ATP “expenses” or “income”. This will be a complex problem—neatly show your work and justify your choices.Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose- 6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1 mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and P, 10 mM. Is the phosphofructokinase reac- tion in muscle more or less exergonic than under standard conditions? By how much?
