Glycogen synthesis and breakdown are regulated primarily at the hormonal level. However, important nonhormonal mechanisms also control the rates of synthesis and mobilization. Describe these non- hormonal regulatory processes.
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Q: Glycogen synthesis and breakdown are regulated primarily at the hormonallevel. However, important…
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Q: give a summary for the breakdown and synthesis of Glycogen
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Q: Why would a cause of hyperinsulinism be hypoglycemia?
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The glycogen is polysaccharide the glucose molecules, which are a multi branched chain. The glycogen is the molecules, which is stored in the body of organism.
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- Glycogen synthesis and breakdown are regulated primarily at the hormonallevel. However, important nonhormonal mechanisms also control the rates ofsynthesis and mobilization. Describe these nonhormonal regulatory processes.Describe the glyceroneogenesis pathway. What moleculesare its substrates?Adipose tissue is not merely a repository for excess fat, but it is also an endocrine organ.Discuss the roles played by the hormones released by adipose tissue. Why are these functions importantin energy metabolism?
- Insulin secretion is essential in metabolism. What type ofmolecule is insulin? What structure secretes it? What factorscontrol its secretion? What is/are its target tissue(s)? Whateffect(s) does it exert?Outline the signal transduction associated with epinephrine’s induction of the breakdown of glycogen.Patrick, a 3-year-old male German Shepherd was found to have excessof endogenous glucocorticoid in the body. Highlight the pathways andthe types of biomolecules (enzymes or hormones) involved in thedisease observed in Patrick
- Why would a cause of hyperinsulinism be hypoglycemia? Don’t lower levels of blood glucose inhibit of insulin rather than produce large amounts of it to result in hyperinsulinism?Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…If removal of the pancreas results in a variety of metabolic disturbances that ultimately lead to death, describe the most significant biochemical and physiological changes that would occur due to loss of endocrine function of the pancreas.
- Explain the differences between a) glycogenolysis, b) gluconeogenesis, and c) glycogen synthesis. Mention what hormone(s) have a direct effect on each process.Would a metabolic rational for a child who has a similar diet to other children but after infections or vigorous exercise has low blood glucose levels and increased lactic acid in the blood along with potential lethargy, shakiness and irritability be type 1 diabetes? Noting that an effective treatment for them is alanine supplementation in the diet.describe a ketogenic diet. what are the pros and cons of such a diet. how is ketosis related to diabetes mellitus?
