Consider the reaction below. [1] Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in each step. (Draw in missing lone pair electrons if they are directly involved in a step). [3] Identify the mechanistic pattern in each step (nucleophilic attack, proton transfer, loss of leaving group, rearrangement). [2] Draw the transition states for step 1 and step 2. H 69 -H Step 1 H₂O CI- Step 2 Ja
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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Question 13
Consider the reaction below.
[1] Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in each step. (Draw in missing lone pair electrons if they are directly involved in a step).
[3] Identify the mechanistic pattern in each step (nucleophilic attack, proton transfer, loss of leaving group, rearrangement).
[2] Draw the transition states for step 1 and step 2.
W
S
F2
3
Step 1
80
F3
E
D
H₂O
this response.
$
4
F4
CI-
Step 2
R
%
5
F
0
F5
T
G
H](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd6b4bd3b-c23c-4e19-9ff7-b724dd0e50b1%2Fc86c65ba-72dc-4363-b24b-aa58b5c5a7eb%2Foq5lqth_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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