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Part A - Reactions of Carbon Dioxide Gas Part B - Carbonate Equilibrium 1. Place a small lump of dry ice into a large test-tube. To the dry ice add about 5 mL of water. After the gas has bubbled 1. through the water for a few minutes (so that it may be assumed the solution is saturated with the gas), test the acidity of the solution by adding 1 drop of universal indicator solution and check the pH on the colour chart provided. Record your observations onto your results page. Choose a wide test tube from your locker to use as tube A in the apparatus shown on the right. Add 2 M HNO3 to the test tube to a depth of about 2 cm, then add tap water to half-fill the tube. Let it soak with a little stirring for 30 seconds, then empty the acid into the sink. Rinse the test tube with LOTS OF WATER (rinse under running water in the sink). Co,(g) Pliable vinyl tubing Tube B side-arm test tube Place two large test tubes in the test tube rack. In one tube place a small lump of dry ice and cover the mouth of the tube with a loose plug of cotton wool. Stand the test tube in a beaker of containing a little warm water (from the hot water 2. tap) for a minute. The test tube will fill with carbon dioxide gas. In the meantime, obtain two small (100 or 150 mL) beakers, and place 20 mL of water in each and add 3 drops of universal indicator to each. 2. Tube A Pour about 20 mL of saturated Ca(OH), solution into this test-tube (tube A in diagram on right). If the saturated Ca(OH), solution is cloudy you may need to filter it into the tube. Ask your demonstrator if filtration is required. Saturated calcium hydroxide solution 3. Do this step quickly to avoid loss of CO,(g) from the test tube. Remove Place several small pieces of dry ice into test-tube B. Fit the cork into test CO,(g) |CO,(g) 3. the cotton wool and tilt the test tube to allow the dry ice to slide into the tube B and insert the end of the plastic tube into test tube A. Warm water second test tube and invert the first tube into one of the small beakers 4. Place tube B into a beaker about half full of warm water from a hot water containing water (see adjacent figure). Transfer the cotton wool plug to the second test tube which should now have the solid CO, in it. tap (do not use a water bath for this, it is too hot). When you see gas bubbling through tube A, as shown in the diagram, record the immediate change you see onto your results page. Ask your demonstrator for assistance if gas does not bubble through the liquid in tube A. 4. Warm the second tube in warm water for a minute, then remove the cotton wool, let the CO,(s) slide out into an empty beaker and invert the tube into Continue passing CO, into the solution and observe any further changes for about 5 minutes. Record any second observable change in your result page next to the heading 'Addition of excess CO,(g). Consult your demonstrator if you do not see a second change to the solution in tube A. Remove the plastic tube from tube A. 5. the second small beaker. Add 20 mL of 2 M NaOH to the water in the second beaker and carefully move the test tube around to stir the solution (see adjacent figure). H,O(1) NAOH(aq) 6. If the solution in tube A is cloudy or turbid, filter it through a small plug of cotton wool in a plastic funnel into a clean 5. Observe both test tubes over a 10 minute period, noting any changes in the liquid level in the two test tubes. Start part B in the meantime, but don't forget to record your observations from this part. test tube and use the filtered solution in the following step. 7. Pour one third the contents of tube A into a clean test-tube (labeled tube C) and pour one third the contents of tube A into a clean test-tube (labeled tube D). The remaining solution in tube A serves as a 'control' to compare with the other tubes. 8. Heat the solution in test-tube C on the steam bath (hold the tube in a wooden test-tube holder). As soon as you start heating the solution look for any observations which would indicate a chemical reaction is happening. Watch the solution over aboul 3 minules and record any changes. Then relurn the tube to your lest lube rack and compare the solution in test-tube C to that in tube A. Record your observations on the results page. Explain your observations in terms of the equilibria that exist between the carbonate ion, the hydrogencarbonate ion and calcium carbonate. Add 1 M NaHCO, dropwise (a maximum of 20 drops) to test-tube D and compare the contents of test-tube D to that of tube A. Record your observations on the results page. Explain your observations in terms of the equilibria that exist 9. between the carbonate ion, the hydrogencarbonate ion and calcium carbonate. 10. Carefully rinse all test tubes with a few mL of 2 M HNO3 followed by plenty of water. Remember that 2 M nitric acid is corrosive so do not splash or spill it. From the introduction to the experiment, write out in sequence the four chemical reactions which occur when gaseous 1. carbon dioxide dissolves in water. 2. Based on the equations you wrote above, would you expect a solution of carbon dioxide to be acidic, basic or neutral?

Part A - Reactions of Carbon Dioxide Gas Part B - Carbonate Equilibrium 1. Place a small lump of dry ice into a large test-tube. To the dry ice add about 5 mL of water. After the gas has bubbled 1. through the water for a few minutes (so that it may be assumed the solution is saturated with the gas), test the acidity of the solution by adding 1 drop of universal indicator solution and check the pH on the colour chart provided. Record your observations onto your results page. Choose a wide test tube from your locker to use as tube A in the apparatus shown on the right. Add 2 M HNO3 to the test tube to a depth of about 2 cm, then add tap water to half-fill the tube. Let it soak with a little stirring for 30 seconds, then empty the acid into the sink. Rinse the test tube with LOTS OF WATER (rinse under running water in the sink). Co,(g) Pliable vinyl tubing Tube B side-arm test tube Place two large test tubes in the test tube rack. In one tube place a small lump of dry ice and cover the mouth of the tube with a loose plug of cotton wool. Stand the test tube in a beaker of containing a little warm water (from the hot water 2. tap) for a minute. The test tube will fill with carbon dioxide gas. In the meantime, obtain two small (100 or 150 mL) beakers, and place 20 mL of water in each and add 3 drops of universal indicator to each. 2. Tube A Pour about 20 mL of saturated Ca(OH), solution into this test-tube (tube A in diagram on right). If the saturated Ca(OH), solution is cloudy you may need to filter it into the tube. Ask your demonstrator if filtration is required. Saturated calcium hydroxide solution 3. Do this step quickly to avoid loss of CO,(g) from the test tube. Remove Place several small pieces of dry ice into test-tube B. Fit the cork into test CO,(g) |CO,(g) 3. the cotton wool and tilt the test tube to allow the dry ice to slide into the tube B and insert the end of the plastic tube into test tube A. Warm water second test tube and invert the first tube into one of the small beakers 4. Place tube B into a beaker about half full of warm water from a hot water containing water (see adjacent figure). Transfer the cotton wool plug to the second test tube which should now have the solid CO, in it. tap (do not use a water bath for this, it is too hot). When you see gas bubbling through tube A, as shown in the diagram, record the immediate change you see onto your results page. Ask your demonstrator for assistance if gas does not bubble through the liquid in tube A. 4. Warm the second tube in warm water for a minute, then remove the cotton wool, let the CO,(s) slide out into an empty beaker and invert the tube into Continue passing CO, into the solution and observe any further changes for about 5 minutes. Record any second observable change in your result page next to the heading 'Addition of excess CO,(g). Consult your demonstrator if you do not see a second change to the solution in tube A. Remove the plastic tube from tube A. 5. the second small beaker. Add 20 mL of 2 M NaOH to the water in the second beaker and carefully move the test tube around to stir the solution (see adjacent figure). H,O(1) NAOH(aq) 6. If the solution in tube A is cloudy or turbid, filter it through a small plug of cotton wool in a plastic funnel into a clean 5. Observe both test tubes over a 10 minute period, noting any changes in the liquid level in the two test tubes. Start part B in the meantime, but don't forget to record your observations from this part. test tube and use the filtered solution in the following step. 7. Pour one third the contents of tube A into a clean test-tube (labeled tube C) and pour one third the contents of tube A into a clean test-tube (labeled tube D). The remaining solution in tube A serves as a 'control' to compare with the other tubes. 8. Heat the solution in test-tube C on the steam bath (hold the tube in a wooden test-tube holder). As soon as you start heating the solution look for any observations which would indicate a chemical reaction is happening. Watch the solution over aboul 3 minules and record any changes. Then relurn the tube to your lest lube rack and compare the solution in test-tube C to that in tube A. Record your observations on the results page. Explain your observations in terms of the equilibria that exist between the carbonate ion, the hydrogencarbonate ion and calcium carbonate. Add 1 M NaHCO, dropwise (a maximum of 20 drops) to test-tube D and compare the contents of test-tube D to that of tube A. Record your observations on the results page. Explain your observations in terms of the equilibria that exist 9. between the carbonate ion, the hydrogencarbonate ion and calcium carbonate. 10. Carefully rinse all test tubes with a few mL of 2 M HNO3 followed by plenty of water. Remember that 2 M nitric acid is corrosive so do not splash or spill it. From the introduction to the experiment, write out in sequence the four chemical reactions which occur when gaseous 1. carbon dioxide dissolves in water. 2. Based on the equations you wrote above, would you expect a solution of carbon dioxide to be acidic, basic or neutral?

Principles of Modern Chemistry
Principles of Modern Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Chapter15: Acid–base Equilibria
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 57P
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Part A - Reactions of Carbon Dioxide Gas Part B - Carbonate Equilibrium 1. Place a small lump of dry ice into a large test-tube. To the dry ice add about 5 mL of water. After the gas has bubbled 1. through the water for a few minutes (so that it may be assumed the solution is saturated with the gas), test the acidity of the solution by adding 1 drop of universal indicator solution and check the pH on the colour chart provided. Record your observations onto your results page. Choose a wide test tube from your locker to use as tube A in the apparatus shown on the right. Add 2 M HNO3 to the test tube to a depth of about 2 cm, then add tap water to half-fill the tube. Let it soak with a little stirring for 30 seconds, then empty the acid into the sink. Rinse the test tube with LOTS OF WATER (rinse under running water in the sink). Co,(g) Pliable vinyl tubing Tube B side-arm test tube Place two large test tubes in the test tube rack. In one tube place a small lump of dry ice and cover the mouth of the tube with a loose plug of cotton wool. Stand the test tube in a beaker of containing a little warm water (from the hot water 2. tap) for a minute. The test tube will fill with carbon dioxide gas. In the meantime, obtain two small (100 or 150 mL) beakers, and place 20 mL of water in each and add 3 drops of universal indicator to each. 2. Tube A Pour about 20 mL of saturated Ca(OH), solution into this test-tube (tube A in diagram on right). If the saturated Ca(OH), solution is cloudy you may need to filter it into the tube. Ask your demonstrator if filtration is required. Saturated calcium hydroxide solution 3. Do this step quickly to avoid loss of CO,(g) from the test tube. Remove Place several small pieces of dry ice into test-tube B. Fit the cork into test CO,(g) |CO,(g) 3. the cotton wool and tilt the test tube to allow the dry ice to slide into the tube B and insert the end of the plastic tube into test tube A. Warm water second test tube and invert the first tube into one of the small beakers 4. Place tube B into a beaker about half full of warm water from a hot water containing water (see adjacent figure). Transfer the cotton wool plug to the second test tube which should now have the solid CO, in it. tap (do not use a water bath for this, it is too hot). When you see gas bubbling through tube A, as shown in the diagram, record the immediate change you see onto your results page. Ask your demonstrator for assistance if gas does not bubble through the liquid in tube A. 4. Warm the second tube in warm water for a minute, then remove the cotton wool, let the CO,(s) slide out into an empty beaker and invert the tube into Continue passing CO, into the solution and observe any further changes for about 5 minutes. Record any second observable change in your result page next to the heading 'Addition of excess CO,(g). Consult your demonstrator if you do not see a second change to the solution in tube A. Remove the plastic tube from tube A. 5. the second small beaker. Add 20 mL of 2 M NaOH to the water in the second beaker and carefully move the test tube around to stir the solution (see adjacent figure). H,O(1) NAOH(aq) 6. If the solution in tube A is cloudy or turbid, filter it through a small plug of cotton wool in a plastic funnel into a clean 5. Observe both test tubes over a 10 minute period, noting any changes in the liquid level in the two test tubes. Start part B in the meantime, but don't forget to record your observations from this part. test tube and use the filtered solution in the following step. 7. Pour one third the contents of tube A into a clean test-tube (labeled tube C) and pour one third the contents of tube A into a clean test-tube (labeled tube D). The remaining solution in tube A serves as a 'control' to compare with the other tubes. 8. Heat the solution in test-tube C on the steam bath (hold the tube in a wooden test-tube holder). As soon as you start heating the solution look for any observations which would indicate a chemical reaction is happening. Watch the solution over aboul 3 minules and record any changes. Then relurn the tube to your lest lube rack and compare the solution in test-tube C to that in tube A. Record your observations on the results page. Explain your observations in terms of the equilibria that exist between the carbonate ion, the hydrogencarbonate ion and calcium carbonate. Add 1 M NaHCO, dropwise (a maximum of 20 drops) to test-tube D and compare the contents of test-tube D to that of tube A. Record your observations on the results page. Explain your observations in terms of the equilibria that exist 9. between the carbonate ion, the hydrogencarbonate ion and calcium carbonate. 10. Carefully rinse all test tubes with a few mL of 2 M HNO3 followed by plenty of water. Remember that 2 M nitric acid is corrosive so do not splash or spill it. From the introduction to the experiment, write out in sequence the four chemical reactions which occur when gaseous 1. carbon dioxide dissolves in water. 2. Based on the equations you wrote above, would you expect a solution of carbon dioxide to be acidic, basic or neutral?
Transcribed Image Text:Part A - Reactions of Carbon Dioxide Gas Part B - Carbonate Equilibrium 1. Place a small lump of dry ice into a large test-tube. To the dry ice add about 5 mL of water. After the gas has bubbled 1. through the water for a few minutes (so that it may be assumed the solution is saturated with the gas), test the acidity of the solution by adding 1 drop of universal indicator solution and check the pH on the colour chart provided. Record your observations onto your results page. Choose a wide test tube from your locker to use as tube A in the apparatus shown on the right. Add 2 M HNO3 to the test tube to a depth of about 2 cm, then add tap water to half-fill the tube. Let it soak with a little stirring for 30 seconds, then empty the acid into the sink. Rinse the test tube with LOTS OF WATER (rinse under running water in the sink). Co,(g) Pliable vinyl tubing Tube B side-arm test tube Place two large test tubes in the test tube rack. In one tube place a small lump of dry ice and cover the mouth of the tube with a loose plug of cotton wool. Stand the test tube in a beaker of containing a little warm water (from the hot water 2. tap) for a minute. The test tube will fill with carbon dioxide gas. In the meantime, obtain two small (100 or 150 mL) beakers, and place 20 mL of water in each and add 3 drops of universal indicator to each. 2. Tube A Pour about 20 mL of saturated Ca(OH), solution into this test-tube (tube A in diagram on right). If the saturated Ca(OH), solution is cloudy you may need to filter it into the tube. Ask your demonstrator if filtration is required. Saturated calcium hydroxide solution 3. Do this step quickly to avoid loss of CO,(g) from the test tube. Remove Place several small pieces of dry ice into test-tube B. Fit the cork into test CO,(g) |CO,(g) 3. the cotton wool and tilt the test tube to allow the dry ice to slide into the tube B and insert the end of the plastic tube into test tube A. Warm water second test tube and invert the first tube into one of the small beakers 4. Place tube B into a beaker about half full of warm water from a hot water containing water (see adjacent figure). Transfer the cotton wool plug to the second test tube which should now have the solid CO, in it. tap (do not use a water bath for this, it is too hot). When you see gas bubbling through tube A, as shown in the diagram, record the immediate change you see onto your results page. Ask your demonstrator for assistance if gas does not bubble through the liquid in tube A. 4. Warm the second tube in warm water for a minute, then remove the cotton wool, let the CO,(s) slide out into an empty beaker and invert the tube into Continue passing CO, into the solution and observe any further changes for about 5 minutes. Record any second observable change in your result page next to the heading 'Addition of excess CO,(g). Consult your demonstrator if you do not see a second change to the solution in tube A. Remove the plastic tube from tube A. 5. the second small beaker. Add 20 mL of 2 M NaOH to the water in the second beaker and carefully move the test tube around to stir the solution (see adjacent figure). H,O(1) NAOH(aq) 6. If the solution in tube A is cloudy or turbid, filter it through a small plug of cotton wool in a plastic funnel into a clean 5. Observe both test tubes over a 10 minute period, noting any changes in the liquid level in the two test tubes. Start part B in the meantime, but don't forget to record your observations from this part. test tube and use the filtered solution in the following step. 7. Pour one third the contents of tube A into a clean test-tube (labeled tube C) and pour one third the contents of tube A into a clean test-tube (labeled tube D). The remaining solution in tube A serves as a 'control' to compare with the other tubes. 8. Heat the solution in test-tube C on the steam bath (hold the tube in a wooden test-tube holder). As soon as you start heating the solution look for any observations which would indicate a chemical reaction is happening. Watch the solution over aboul 3 minules and record any changes. Then relurn the tube to your lest lube rack and compare the solution in test-tube C to that in tube A. Record your observations on the results page. Explain your observations in terms of the equilibria that exist between the carbonate ion, the hydrogencarbonate ion and calcium carbonate. Add 1 M NaHCO, dropwise (a maximum of 20 drops) to test-tube D and compare the contents of test-tube D to that of tube A. Record your observations on the results page. Explain your observations in terms of the equilibria that exist 9. between the carbonate ion, the hydrogencarbonate ion and calcium carbonate. 10. Carefully rinse all test tubes with a few mL of 2 M HNO3 followed by plenty of water. Remember that 2 M nitric acid is corrosive so do not splash or spill it. From the introduction to the experiment, write out in sequence the four chemical reactions which occur when gaseous 1. carbon dioxide dissolves in water. 2. Based on the equations you wrote above, would you expect a solution of carbon dioxide to be acidic, basic or neutral?
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