Please write out the answer/ use diagrams for better understanding. between molecules.1.Erucic acid (22:1413) is the fatty acid that is found in rapeseed oil that was determined to be undesirableand through selective breeding, has been almost eliminated in modern canola oil.What are the B-oxidation products of erucic acid? How many ATP equivalents are required for 8-oxidation?If the acetyl CoA produced in 8-oxidation were completely oxidized in the CAC, what would be produced?Assume that all excess NADH and FADH2 is oxidized via electron transport. Based on the NADH, FADH2, and ATPproduced or used above, what is the typical yield of ATP from the complete oxidation of erucic acid?

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Answered: between molecules. 1. Erucic acid…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter23: Fatty Acid Catabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 17P

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2B. Calculate the total number of ATP that will be generated from the complete B-oxidation of oncobic acid (CH:(CH,),CH=CH(CH,),COOH; 15:1 cis-A9) in an organism that has all the standard required enzymes for metabolism but which pumps only 2 H" in complex I, 0 H' in complex II, 2 H* in complex III and 4 H' in complex IV. The F,F, ATPase is composed of 3 a/ß subunits and 10 c subunits. Show all of your calculations. HO
1. Consider the oxidation of the fatty acid with the common name arachidic acid. a. Draw the structure of arachidic acid. b. How many turns of the fatty acid oxidation cycle is required for the complete oxidation of arachidic acid? c. How many moles of ATP are formed from one mole of arachidic acid if the acetyl CoA produced go to the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation? Assume 1 mole of NADH is equivalent to 3 moles ATP and 1 mole FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP. Show how you arrived at your answer
2A. Red blood cells synthesize and degrade 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) by a detour of the glycolytic pathway, as shown below: glyeeraldehyde 3-phosphate GAP dehydrogenase 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate bisphosphoglycerate mutase ADP phosphoglycerate kinase 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate ATP 3-phosphoglycerate 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 2-phosphoglycerate (i) The bisphosphoglycerate mutase/2,3-bisphosphoglcerate phosphatase reaction is catalyzed by a single enzyme, BPGM. At alkaline pH, BPGM favors the mutase activity while at lower pH, BPGM favors the phosphatase reaction. Use this information, along with the Bohr effect, to explain in the space below how red blood cells respond to a metabolic defect where a patient experiences chronic, elevated levels of lactic acid. I (ii) Individuals with red blood cell phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency suffer from moderate hemolytic anemia (a condition where red blood cells self-destruct before their normal lifespan). They…
B-oxidation of a 15:0 fatty acid will result in the production of O 7 acetyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7 NADH O 7 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 8 FADH2, and 8 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 7 FADH2, and 7 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2, and 6 NADH
Fill in the blanks below (input numbers only!) about the metabolism of hexanoic acid, a fatty acid that is one of the components of vanilla, and whose formula is CH3(CH2)4COOH: First, the fatty acid is activated by attaching CoA, which costs ATP molecules. The fatty acid is then broken down through a beta-oxidation spiral, to make acetyl CoA molecules. This will require "turns" of the beta-oxidation process. Since each turn of the cycle yields ATP molecules, and each acetyl COA will yield ATP molecules by going through the rest of its metabolism, the net ATP molecules produced from one molecule of this fatty acid will be
Palmitoleic acid, 16:1Δ⁹ hexadecaenoic acid, (16 carbon FA with one double bond )is an important fatty acid component of TAGs and cell membranes. Briefly explain the process of beta oxidation of this fatty acid and the number (only) of FADH, NADH and acetyl CoA outcome. What is the total ATP (only number) generated from this fatty acid after beta oxidation.
29. Labels. Suppose that you had an in vitro fatty acid- synthesizing system that had all of the enzymes and cofactors required for fatty acid synthesis except for acetyl CoA. To this system, you added acetyl CoA that contained radioactive hydrogen (³H, tritium) and carbon 14 (¹4C) as shown here. 3H O 14 3H-C-C SCOA 3H The ratio of ³H/¹4C is 3. What would the ³H/14C ratio be after the synthesis of palmitic acid (C₁6) with the use of the radioactive acetyl CoA?
Help filling in the blanks: Folic acid is a [1/2/3] carbon carrier that can carry the carbon(s) in multiple oxidation states. S-adenosyl methionine is exclusively a [carboxyl/methyl/formyl] carrier. [TPP/NAD+/FAD/CoA] is a cofactor used to decarboxylate a-keto acids. [TPP/NAD+/FAD/CoA] activates acyl groups for transfer to other organic molecules. [TPP/NAD+/FAD/CoA] is capable of forming double bonds between carbons or disulfide bridges because it can carry electrons singly. [TPP/NAD+/FAD/CoA] on the other hand is better at oxidizing alcohols to ketones because it takes a hydride ion from a donor molecule.
2 of 50 1-4. IHO OKO ONDO OX 31 H₂C-O 1. HC-O- H₂C-O O=O= 0= JONDO 3. \ 4. write your answer here 2. Following lipase-mediated separation of the three fatty acids, they are each activated through attachment to CoA and transported into the mitochondrial matrix. What is the expected total yield of ATP following complete ß-oxidation of the fatty acid labelled 3 in the image within the mitochondrial matrix? (Your answer should be a number, without any other text. E.g.: 2) I (Note, the fatty acid is already within the mitochondrial matrix. You should only consider the ATP yield from the direct steps of B-oxidation as well as that of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.) 00 [
1 The carbon skeletons of amino acids can be catabolised via various steps. These end products are often intermediates of the citric acid cycle. 100X0 0801 For example: Valine →→→succinyl-CoA Arginine →→→ a-ketoglutarate Aspartate →→→→ oxaloacetate What is the theoretical ATP yield from the catabolism of the end product of valine degradation feeding into the citric acid cycle? OND OND (Your answer should consider ATP production from the citric acid cycle up until oxaloacetate, as well as electron transport chain-mediated production of ATP. Your answer should be a number, without any other text. E.g.: 2. The image below has been provided to help you.):00:0 Acetyl-CoA NADH Oxaloacetate Malate Fumarate 1. 040 Citrate Isocitrate * a-ketoglutarate f Succinyl-CoA CO2 CO₂ NADH NET 16. 0 10:00:0ONDI NADH DOROHOI
6. Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and represents the key control point in mammalian glycolysis. The enzyme is a homotetramer that is inhibited by ATP binding, activated by AMP binding, negatively regulated by phosphorylation, and competitively inhibited by 2,5-anhydro-D-glucotiol-1,6-diphosphate. (a) Would you expect a plot of the initial rate of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate formation as a function of substrate concentration to show a sigmoidal or hyperbolic curve in the absence of any regulators? (b) How would each of the regulators above affect the dynamics of the T state to R state equilibrium of phosphofructokinase? Briefly explain your reasoning. (c) If it were possible to isolate phosphofructokinase monomers in an active form, how would you expect the kinetics in (a) to be affected? How would the rate of the reaction be affected by ATP, AMP, and 2,5-anhydro-D-glucotiol-1,6-diphosphate?…
Beta-Oxidation of a 15:14⁹ fatty acid will result in the production of which of the following? 7 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 7 acetyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 5 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH

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