At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg's was quoted as saying, “.for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow's hide." Kellogg's has been producingcereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg's andits largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of$10 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $52 billion and the company that does notadvertise loses $2 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level ofadvertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.percent

The grim trigger strategy signifies that when one player cheats, it will create permanent damage to…

Answered: At a time when demand for ready-to-eat…

Economics:

10th Edition

ISBN:9781285859460

Author:BOYES, William

Publisher:BOYES, William

Chapter26: Monopolistic Competition And Oligopoly

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2E

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At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $8 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $43 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.i ≤ percent
At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $12 billion. If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $52 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. Under what conditions could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?
At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $2 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $16 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $56 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.
Because ease of entry is high in both perfect competition and monopolistic competition markets, and because making economic profits will always attract new producers (entrants), how do firms survive and make profits in those markets? Provide an example of a firm or a small business from the real world that is surviving the dynamic nature of monopolistic competition and discuss some approaches they have used (or are currently using) to compete and survive in the market. In addition, provide an example or a scenario from your personal (or professional) experience, an observation, a story that you have read, or an idea or a thought that you might have for practical, creative, and/or effective ways to minimize production costs in order to maximize profits.
bok rint An oligopoly producing a homogeneous product is comprised of three firms that act like a cartel. Assume that these three firms have identical cost schedules. Assume also that if any one of these firms sets a price for the product, the other two firms charge the same price. As long as they all charge the same price they will share the market equally; and the quantity demanded of each will be the same. Below is the total-cost schedule of one of these firms and the demand schedule that confronts it when the other firms charge the same price as this firm. Complete the marginal-cost and marginal- revenue schedules facing the firm. erences Mc Graw Hill Output Total cost Marginal cost Price Quantity demanded Marginal revenue 0 1 23456 7 8 $0 180 300 480 720 1,020 1,380 1,800 2,280 Short Anewor LA JUL 26 $780 720 660 600 540 480 420 360 Toolbar navigation (a) What price would be charged, what output would be produced, and what profit would be made by this firm? (b) If the firms…
The Competition Bureau in Canada wants to increase competition and reduce monopoly power. Thus it it worries about industry concentration in Canada. Let's assume that the Canadian halibut processing industry there are only two firms(duopoly). Under such a market structure, if one of the halibut processing firm increases its price, then the other firm in the halibut processing industry can: keep the price of its processed halibut constant and thus increase its market share. keep its price of its processed halibut constant and thus decrease its market share. decrease its price of its processed halibut and thus decrease its market share. try to achieve economies of scale. increase its price of its processed halibut and thus increase its market share.
The graph below shows a demand curve for a firm operating in an oligopolistic market. Instructions: Enter quantities as a whole number. Round prices 2 decimal places. a. What is the profit maximizing price and quantity when marginal cost is MC1? The firm will produce units at a price of $ . b. Suppose marginal cost increases to MC2, what is the profit maximizing price and quantity after marginal cost changes? The firm will produce units at a price of $ .
in the long run, representative firms in monopolistically competitive markets will just break even --- that is, earn zero economic profits. Yet some firms in highly competitive markets manage to continue to earn economic profits indefinitely. For example, perfumes, cosmetics, and hair care firm L’Oreal, in business since 1907, remains highly profitable today, despite competing in fiercely competitive product categories. How has L’Oreal managed to stay profitable for so long (clue: they have a research and development staff of over 1000 people).
If monopolistically competitive firms have some control over their price, why don’t they set price above ATC so they will realize an economic profit in the long run? Why do monopolistically competitive firms spend funds for the product development and advertising when this practice only adds to the firm’s costs? Explain how concentration ratios and barriers to entry into the market relate to Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
Suppose that a company operates in the monopolistically competitive market for denim jackets. The following graph shows the demand curve, marginal revenue (MR) curve, marginal cost (MC) curve, and average total cost (ATC) curve for the firm. Place a black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the long-run monopolistically competitive equilibrium price and quantity for this firm. Nex place a grey point (star symbol) to indicate the minimum average total cost the firm faces and the quantity associated with that cost. (?) PRICE (Dollars per jacket) 100 90 80 70 60 50 ATC 20 40 30 20 10 10 MC MR Demand 0 + + 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 QUANTITY (Thousands of jackets) Mon Comp Outcome Min Unit Cost at the optimal the efficient scale. Because this market is monopolistically competitive, you can tell that it is in long-run equilibrium by the fact that P= ATC quantity for each firm. Further, the quantity the firm produces in long-run equilibrium is True or False: This indicates…
How would you present the market equilibrium point within an oligopolistic market via a diagram? Please clearly label where the market equlibrium is found. How would a decrease in demand change this market Equlibirum point in an oligopolistic market and how would you show this graphically?
Once more, please consider a market with eight producers that produce a total of 30,000 units. Their output is broken down below: Firm's Firm Output One 7400 Two 1800 Three 4100 Four 5200 Five 1400 Six 2800 Seven 6600 Eight 700 According to our lecture, this industry likely to be an oligopoly because is not; a small number of firms produce a large amount of the output O is; a small number of firms produce a large amount of the output O is not; production is spread out among relatively many firms is; production is spread out among relatively many firms

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