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- . Consider a channel with spectrum between 4 MHz and 6 MHz and SNRdB = 20. UsingShannon’s formula, what is the maximum capacity of the channel? . What are the major functions of the transport layer and the internet layer in TCP/IP protocol?Mention 2 functions of each layer. . Consider two signals F1(t) and F2(t) with periods 2 microseconds and 3 microsecondsrespectively. What is the frequency of the signal F(t) = F1(t) + F2(t).Computer Science Consider two hosts C & D connected by a point-to-point link with a data link rate of 10 Gb/s. The hosts are 2 km apart and the signal propagation speed is 2 × 108 m/s. Given the packet size is 500 bytes, how many packets can be in inflight from C to D?Channel utilization with pipelining. Suppose a packet is 10K bits long, the channel transmission rate connecting a sender and receiver is 10 Mbps, and the round-trip propagation delay is 10 ms. What is the channel utilization of a pipelined protocol with an arbitrarily high level of pipelining for this channel? 1.0 0.1 0.001 0.01 10.0 Not quite. Your answer is incorrect.
- Consider two hosts A & B connected by a point-to-point link with a data link rate of 1 Gb/s and signal propagation speed 2 x 10® m/s. What would the distance of the link (between two hosts) be to exactly contain one 800-byte packet? Consider two hosts C & D connected by a point-to-point link with a data link rate of 10 Gb/s. The hosts are 2 km apart and the signal propagation speed is 2 x 10° m/s. Given the packet size is 500 bytes, how many packets can be in inflight from C to D?What is the total delay (latency) for a frame of size 5 million bits that is being sent on a link with 10 routers each having a queuing time of 2 µs and a processing time of 1 µs. The length of the link is 2000 Km. The speed of light inside the link is 2×108 m/s. The link has a bandwidth of 5 Mbps. Which component of the total delay is dominant? Which one is negligible?Why Frame Relay was originally designed for use across Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) interfaces? A connectionless protocol, such as Ethernet, defines the route of a packet through source and destination addresses. However, a connection-oriented protocol, such as ATM, defines the route of a cell through virtual connection identifiers (VPIs and VCIs). Could you explain this statement?
- Consider a wireless LAN with the following information: IEEE 802.11 physical layer transmission rate = 96Mbps, and • MAC layer data = 1096 bytes • MAC header = 16 bytes •ACK = 34 bytes • SIFS Time 12μs • DIFS Time=26µs • Physical layer overhead = 22μs Assume that the propagation time is negligible. Also, assume that for RTS and CTS frames there is no MAC layer error detection used (i.e., no error detection of possible errors in the Physical Layer header). Find the MAC layer throughput if: a. RTS/CTS transaction is used. b. RTS/CTS transaction is not used.A data channel at 5 Gbps is shared by two users. Assume that each user is transmitting at 2.5Gbps data rate continuously. Each user only transmits only 30% of the time. (a) If circuit switching is used, how many users can be supported? (b) If packet switching is used, would there be queuing delay to accommodate these two users? If a third identical user is added will there be a queuing delay? (c) What is the probability that a user is sending data? (d) Now assume three users under packet switching. Compute the probability that at any given time all three are transmitting at the same time. What is the fraction of time when the queue is growing?3.4-8 Channel utilization with pipelining. Suppose a packet is 10K bits long, the channel transmission rate connecting a sender and receiver is 10 Mbps, and the round-trip propagation delay is 10 ms. What is the channel utilization of a pipelined protocol with an arbitrarily high level of pipelining for this channel?
- Suppose that we are sending a 30 Mb MP3 file from a source host to a destination host. All links in the path between source and destination have a transmission rate of 10 Mbps. Assume that the propagation speed is 2 × 108 meters/sec, and the distance between source and destination is 10,000 km. 1. Suppose there is only one link between source and destination. Also suppose that the entire MP3 file is sent as one packet. What is the transmission delay? 2. Referring to the above question, what is the end-to-end delay (transmission delay plus propagation delay)?A connectionless protocol, such as Ethernet, defines the route of a packet through source and destination addresses. However, a connection-oriented protocol, such as ATM, defines the route of a cell through virtual connection identifiers (VPIs and VCIs). Could you explain this statement?A pipelined reliable transfer protocol has a window size of N segments and runs over a link with bandwidth R=100Mbps. The link has a propagation delay t_prop=300ms. Each data packet sent over the link is of size L_D=5kBytes, whereas acknowledgements are of size L_A=50Bytes. Answer the following questions and show your work where indicated. A. What is the achieved throughput of the above pipelined protocol for N=4, 8 and 16? B. What is the link utilization for N=4, 8 and 16? Note that in class, we calculated the link utilization in terms of the time the sender is busy sending. We can also do this in terms of the achieved vs. available throughput. C. Will the achieved throughput of the above pipelined protocol grow or shrink if the packet size was increased? D. Will the achieved throughput of the above pipelined protocol grow or shrink if the propagation time was increased? E. Will the achieved throughput of the above pipelined protocol grow or shrink if the transmission rate of the link…