ATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a proton on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane.We will refer to the matrix side as the "inside" of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (the "IMM"). Show yourwork.(a) H* transport from the outside of the IMM into the matrix drives this process. Assume the pH insidethe matrix is 8.00 and the outside is more acidic by 0.60 pH units. Assuming the IMM membranepotential is 165.0 mV (inside negative), calculate AG for the transport of1 mol of H* across the IMM into the matrix at 37 °C: H* (outside) → H* (inside)

pH of inside the matrix=8.0 Concentration of H+ ion inside the matrix=1.0 A-10-8.0 pH outside the…

Answered: (a) H* transport from the outside of…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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ATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a proton on the matrix side of the in- ner mitochondrial membrane. We will refer to the matrix side as the "inside" of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). (a) H* transport from the outside of the IMM into the matrix drives this process. The pH inside the matrix is 8.2, and the outside is more acidic by 0.8 pH units. Assuming the IMM membrane potential is 168 mV (inside negative), calculate AG for the transport of 1 mol of H* across the IMM into the matrix at 37 °C: Houtside) Hinside) (b) Assume three mol H* must be translocated to synthesize one mol ATP by coupling of the following reactions: ADP + P, + Hinskde) ATP + H,O(ATP synthesis) 3Hinside)(proton transport) 3Houtside)
(A) What is the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix, assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix? (Hint: Calculate AGO' for the reaction H"IMS > H matris using the relationship AG° = RTInKeg and remembering that pH = -log1o[H*]. Assume that T = 310K (37°C), and R = 8.315x10-3 kJ mol-1 K-1. Show your work and include correct units!)
Imagine that in red blood cells (RBCS) the following concentrations were noted for the "adenylate pool": [ATP] = 2000 uM; [ADP] = 270 uM; and [AMP] = 30 uM. ASsume that the pH is 7 and remains constant. a) calculate the Energy change (EC) (to four decimal places for RBCS given the above values. Show work b) If the [ATP] decreases by 5%, calculate the new [ATP], [ADP], and [AMP] given that the concentrations of all three species are "connected" by the adenylate kinase reaction, which is shown below. You will need to use the quadratic equation for this one. show your work. %3| %3D ADP + ADP ATP + AMP Keq = 0.44
During vigorous exercise, a buffer system consisting of lactic acid and sodium lactate is produced in the muscle cells and released into circulation. (a) Calculate the concentration of lactate in the blood plasma (pH= 7.40) if the concentration of lactic acid in the blood is 1.50µM. {The pKa for lactic acid is 4.76}. (b) How is NADH recycled to NAD+when oxygen is a limiting factor during vigorous exercise? (c) Indicate the biochemical transformation that occurs in (b) above when aerobic conditions are restored during the resting state.
The difference in pH between the internal and external surfaces of the inner mitochondrial membrane is 1.4 pH units (external side acidic). If the membrane potential is 0.06 V (inside negative), what is the free energy change on transporting 1 mol of protons across the membrane from outside to inside at 25°C?
The parietal cells of the stomach lining contain membrane “pumps” that transport hydrogen ions from the cytosol (pH 7.0) into the stomach,contributing to the acidity of gastric juice (pH 1.0). Calculate the free energy required to transport 1 mol of hydrogen ions through these pumps. Assume a temperature of 37 °C.
A 75 kg person doing light work requires about 3000 kcal of food energy perday, 40% of which is actually used by the body’s cells. (The other 60% is lostas heat and in waste products.) Before being used by the cells, effectively allof this energy is stored in ATP, which is then cleaved into ADP and PO3−2 , with the release of 12.5 kcal per mole of ATP.(a) How many moles of ATP are turned over per day in this fashion? Whatmass of ATP does this correspond to? (The molecular weight of ATP is507 g/mol.)(b) The body actually contains approximately 5 g ATP. Estimate the averagerecycle time for an ATP molecule. You see that it is much more efficientto reuse ADP rather than to synthesize it de novo (from scratch).
Assuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?
Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the hydration of CO. CO2 + H2O ¬ H½CO3 The Km of this enzyme for CO, is 1.20×104 µ.M. When [CO,] = 3.60×104 µM, the rate of reaction was 4.50 umol·mL! sec-1 a What is Vmax for this enzyme? umol·mL-!sec-!
The fatty acid side chains of the phospholipids in the inner mitochondrial membrane exhibit a large proportion of multiple unsaturations. As a result, will the membrane be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Also will it be more fluid or more rigid? How do these characteristics help explain the observation that the inner membrane is impermeable to ions such as Mg2+ and Cl–? Hint: what moves these ions through the membrane?
a) Assuming that ubiquinone is unavailable inside of the cell, calculate the AG and the Keq if electrons are transferred directly from complex I to complex III of the electron transport chain. In your answer include the net equation for this electron transfer. Constants: R= 8.3J/degree'mol, F= 96.1kJ/volt mol, T=298K ( Half Reaction EM ubiquinone + 2e + 2H' Ubiquinol + H2 NAD + 2e+ 2H'→ NADH + H 0.045 -0.320 1/202 + 2e +2H H,O Cytc (Fe") + +le + 1H"→ Cytc (Fe²) 0.816 0.254 b) In a single sentence explain whether or not this electron transfer is possible. /
According to Paul Boyer, the mechanism of ATP synthesis involves the rotation of the y subunit which in turn causes sequential conformation changes in the aß assemblies. Explain the steps of ATP synthesis according to this mechanism.

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