43-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of nausea and severe right flank pain that started one hour ago. The pain is intermittent, radiates to his groin, and has no associated aggravating or alleviating factors. He reports no previous similar episodes. The patient denies chest pain, shortness
CASE: A 43-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of nausea and severe right flank pain that started one hour ago. The pain is intermittent, radiates to his groin, and has no associated aggravating or alleviating factors. He reports no previous similar episodes. The patient denies chest pain, shortness of breath, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, changes in urination such as frequency and urgency, and visible blood in the stool or urine. He has no significant past medical history and takes no medications. His family history is noncontributory. He does not smoke, drinks, or use illicit drugs. The patient’s vital signs are as follows: temperature 36.7 °C, heart rate 110 beats per minute, respirations 14 per minute, and blood pressure 150/76 mm Hg. The patient is diaphoretic and unable to sit still due to pain (rated 10 of 10 on the pain scale). His abdominal examination reveals active bowel sounds without tenderness to percussion or palpation and no guarding or rebound tenderness. No organomegaly or masses are palpable. Tenderness is present at the right costovertebral angle. The remainder of the physical examination is normal.
Diagnosis: Nephrolithiasis with Urinary tract obstruction
- What are the risk factors/ causes of the medical condition?
- What are the ways to prevent these risk factors/ causes?
- What is the effect of aging on the body system involved?
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