Exam 1 Practice Questions – Complete (With Answers)

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Health Psychology Spring 2024 Exam 1 Practice Questions – Complete (With Answers) 1. Finn is studying the effects of meditation on coping with illness. In his sample of participants with serious illness, he has the treatment group do an hour-long meditation and the control group listen to the news for an hour. To strengthen the possibility that the meditation, rather than a difference in how comfortable the chairs used by the treatment and control group participants were, causes changes in the participants’ coping, Finn should use: a. random assignment. b. random sampling. c. experimental control. d. a prospective design. 2. In the previous question, how comfortable the chairs were is a: a. confound. b. moderator. c. dependent variable. d. mediator. 3. Researchers who investigate the relation between stress and adult-onset diabetes by asking participants with and without adult-onset diabetes to report the number of stressful life events they have experienced in the past 5 years are using the _____ method. a. experimental b. prospective c. retrospective d. archival 4. Dr. Britos is conducting an intervention to improve physicians’ communication with patients. She has one group of physicians participate in a workshop on effective communication styles and the other group of physicians read a paper about immunizations. To measure effective communication, she then has judges code audiotapes of the physicians’ interactions with patients. She finds that the communication workshop was effective in improving their communication, but mostly for young physicians – it was less effective for old physicians. In this study, the age of the physicians was a(n): a. confound. b. mediator. c. moderator. d. independent variable. 5. In his study on the relation between optimism and exercise, Dr. Farabaugh found a positive correlation that was explained by the observation that having a large social network both caused people to be optimistic and to exercise. Therefore, social network size was a: a. moderator. b. third variable. c. mediator. d. dependent variable.

6. Researchers using the Terman data set have found that childhood personality (assessed in 1921) is associated with adult smoking behavior (assessed in 1950). This study is: a. experimental. b. correlational. c. observational. d. cross-sectional. e. prospective. f. retrospective. g. a and d h. b and e i. c and f 7. Keale is testing the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention in a sample of heavy smokers. The intervention involves using classical conditioning techniques to make the participants find smoking unpleasant (the control group does not receive the intervention). The results show that the intervention was effective; the participants in the treatment group had higher quitting rates than those in the control group. However, Keale realized that the participants in the control group had been smoking for a longer time than those in the treatment group, making quitting more difficult. Therefore, length of time smoking was a(n): a. confound. b. independent variable. c. dependent variable. d. mediator. 8. Daeun is interested in the effect of the quality of physician-patient communication on patient adherence, and discovers that physicians who communicate warmth and empathy to patients have more adherent patients than physicians who communicate without warmth and empathy. Further, when patients are treated with warmth and empathy by their physicians, they gain optimism about the efficacy of the recommended treatment, which increases their adherence levels. In this study, optimism is a(n): a. confound. b. moderator. c. independent variable. d. mediator. 9. Dr. Johansson finds a negative correlation between social support and heart disease; the more social support people have, the lower their risk of heart disease. However, it is further found that this relationship exists because hostility causes low levels of social support and hostility causes heart disease. In this study, hostility is a: a. third variable. b. mediator. c. moderator. d. dependent variable.

10. Another issue that Dr. Johansson (from the previous question) uncovers is that the relation between social support and heart disease was stronger among people with high levels of agreeableness than those with low levels of agreeableness. In this study, agreeableness is a: a. mediator b. dependent variable c. moderator d. confound 11. Dr. Kulkarni is interested in the relationship between hostility and heart disease, and finds that participants with high levels of hostility are more likely to develop heart disease 20 years later than those with low levels of hostility. Furthermore, Dr. Kulkarni discovers that the participants with high hostility levels frequently responded to mild events with large increases in blood pressure and heart rate, which explains their higher rates of heart disease. In this study, cardiovascular reactivity (BP and HR) to mild events is a(n): a. independent variable. b. moderator. c. mediator. d. confound. 12. In a study on the effect of social support on blood pressure, Dr. Mier induces stress in all participants by subjecting them to a painful shock during which half of the participants receive social support in the form of a research assistant holding their hand (the other half do not receive social support during the stress induction). Dr. Mier finds that the hand-holding intervention lowers the blood pressure of participants with high levels of extraversion, but increases the blood pressure of participants with low levels of extraversion. In this study, extraversion is a(n): a. independent variable. b. moderator. c. mediator. d. confound. 13. In a study measuring the relationship between attending a bereavement support group and depression, the results show that attendance at the support group is associated with a reduction in depression for recently widowed people, but not those widowed for a long time. Therefore, this study contains a(n): a. confound. b. mediator. c. moderator. d. independent variable. 14. In a study measuring the relationship between attending a bereavement support group and depression, the results show that attendance at the support group is associated with a reduction in depression because it increases feelings of belonging, which decreases depression. Therefore, this study contains a(n): a. confound. b. mediator. c. moderator. d. independent variable.

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