discussion board 2

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Northern Kentucky University *

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601

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Medicine

Date

May 10, 2024

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docx

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3

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1. What forces have had an effect on increasing health cost over the past 30 years? Healthcare spending form the years of 1960 to 2013 increased by $933.5 billion (Dieleman, et al., 2017). Factors such as change in population size, increase in population aging, disease frequency, costs of care, and technology have lead to this large increase in healthcare spending (Dieleman, et al., 2017). Most people tend to put the blame on physicians for the cause of the additional healthcare spending, however, the advancement of technology is the leading force in the cause (Norbeck, 2013). New technology is defined as the use of new any procedure, drugs, or devices (Norbeck, 2013). Norebeck (2013), states that in the year 2008, 65% of healthcare spending was due to technology. Research also shows that as the “baby boomer” population continues to age, there will be an increase in Medicare spending for chronic conditions related to lifestyle choices. In 2010, individuals 65 years and older underwent a total of 243,802 knee replacements, costing $9 billion (Norbeck, 2013). It is projected by year 2035 the “baby boomer” generation will account for a 44% increase in healthcare spending (Norbekc, 2013). In conclusion, based on the research presented, healthcare spending has already drastically increased, and it does not seem to be slowing down anytime soon. 2. How is research used to produce effective public health care policies in order to spend public resources wisely? Give one example. An example of how research is used to produce effective public health care policies in order to spend resources wisely is through the use of vaccinations. Vaccinations are used to prevent the spread of infectious disease, and promote herd immunity. Vaccinations are also a low cost, low intensity healthcare intervention that dramatically improves the overall public health (Burke & Ryan, 2014). By mandating the use of vaccinations, and spending public resources wisely for them, it eliminates a massive public health burden and the costs of the vaccines are minimal compared to the cost for treatment of the diseases. 3. Identify your legislators for the state and national level. Please include the name of your state, district numbers for both your state level representatives and senators, as well as those on the national level. To respond to this item, you will have two US senators, one US Congressman, one state senator and one state representative State: Kentucky
District numbers for state level representatives: 6 District numbers for state level senators: 38 US senators: Mitch McConnell and Rand Paul US congressman: John Yarmuth State Senator: Dennis Parrett State Representative: Jerry T Miller 4. What contexts inform crafting policy? Policy is crafted through first identifying a specific need that is either not being met, or needs to be reconfigured and changed based on new information (Mason, et al., 2016). 5. Why should legislators use research evidence in public policymaking? Legislators should always use research evidence in public policymaking, so they can identify evidence-based techniques when solving a specific problem, or when evaluating the risk vs. benefits for a certain policy. Evidence based policy utilizes evidence in guiding the decision making process the government uses to improve lives (Reynolds & Ramakrishnan, 2018). According to Reynolds and Ramakrishnan (2018), there are two main goals legislators should keep in mind when using research evidence in policy making. The first is, utilizing existing information and evaluations to make policy decisions, and the second is to further their knowledge to better inform future policies (Reynolds & Ramakrishnan, 2018). 6. Why are effective programs not always implemented? There are many reasons as to why effective programs are not always implemented. One specific reason is cost and finances. Researchers have started to become mandated by politicians to implement already existing interventions, due to the high cost of implementing new research (Spiel, et al., 2016). By mandating the implementation of already existing research, new research and interventions have become isolated, and the number of researchers interested has become limited (Spiel, et al., 2016). References:
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